Coastal erosion

induced coastal hazards in Australia: An assessment of vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies for community resilience Research problem Climate change creates significant impacts in the Australian context, and coastal communities are severely vulnerable to the impacts. This is mainly due to sea level rising; according to the IPCC report in 2100 it will increase by 79 centimeters (Department of climate change, 2009). More frequent and severe natural hazards like flood, inundation, erosion, and

including metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary. 2 billion years ago, igneous and metamorphic rocks formed in the inner gorge of the Grand Canyon. On top of these rocks sedimentary rock layers were created. Over time these layers of rocks transformed with erosion, tectonic actions, intrusions, and uncomformities. There are almost 40 identified rock layers form the Grand Canyon. Some rocks found in the Grand Canyon Include Quartz, Calcite, Clay, Gypsum, Dolomite, Hematite, Feldspar, Augite, and Biotite

Five usual types of soils can be classified based on the U.S soil conservation they are humid coastal plains, semiarid coastal plains, humid uplands, semiarid uplands, and humid upland valleys. The scientists of university of Puerto Rico categorise the island soil into one more classification as lowlands, alluvium, coastal plains, alluvium in terraces, upland dark, and upland reddish-purple. Tropical countries produce High biomass products like sugarcane,

Besides the direct effect of sea level rise, coastal flooding may also be a more prevalent and severe issue. For example, “sea level rise of two feet, without any changes in storms, would more than triple the frequency of dangerous coastal flooding throughout most of the Northeast” (Horton 374). The higher seas would increase the initial level, so that the flooding level would be much greater

January 18, 2017, New England’s 1816 “Mackerel Year,” Volcanoes and Climate Change Today     https://www.usgs.gov/news/new-england-s-1816-mackerel-year-volcanoes-and-climate-change-today     A study was regulated by the USGS in regards to the large catches of mackerel by fishermen, a volcano eruption at Indonesia’s Mt. Tambora and climate change. The article explains that the eruption that occurred at Mt. Tambora over 200 years ago and the effects that it left at the Gulf of Maine that intertwined

Historically, misconceptions about coastal and other aquatic adaptations are persistent in archaeology due to: (1) long-standing ideas that aquatic resources are marginal foods, (2) unclear definitions of what constitutes aquatic versus terrestrial resources, (3) changing sea levels, erosion, and the destruction of coastal archaeological sites, (4) differential preservation, recovery, and reporting of aquatic remains, and (5) holdovers from the “Man the Hunter” paradigm, which tend to overemphasize

being negative. Some longterm effects include loss of beaches and marine life. Portsea beach for example is no longer a beach and now the government is spending millions of dollars in sandbags to attempt to stop the beach from degrading even more. Erosion is slowly destroying the coast and

to suffer due to inappropriate human intervention. The natural structure and function of coastal marine ecosystems are constantly in combat with environmental and ecological challenges, majorly due to the issues of

Global Warming Global warming has been a conversation holder for the past decade or so. Years ago people believed that global warming was a myth, and was not going to happen. Now for the third year in a row temperatures are becoming warmer and warmer. Scientists are becoming more alert to the steady pace of earth's temperatures rising. In the article “Earth Sets a Temperature Record for the Third Straight Year” by Justin Gillis, he explains that earth is casually becoming warmer every single year

Maroubra surf lifesaving club How effective are the coastal management strategies used at present in your local beach area? The coastal management strategies are not very effective as gathered from the surveys. On average, the participating surveyees gave the strategies a 4 out of a possible 5. This data were gathered from visitors/neighbourhoods who visit on average frequently. The main concern that would need conventional changes are council clean ups for rubbish track paths, washrooms and