Code division multiple access

Cellular system Architecture 4. Multiple Access schemes for cellular system 5. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) 6. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) 7. Single Carrier- Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) 8. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 9. TDMA Frame 10. TDMA Evolution 11. Global System for Mobile (GSM) 12. GSM Network Architecture 13. Interim Standard-136 14. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 15.

Introduction There are four major techniques that allocate capacity for wireless WAN communications. These techniques are Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). (Goleniewski, L. 2007) Each technique has pros and cons when compared amongst each other. The following is a summary of why each technique has a need, and some of the challenges that come with that technique

Abstract— The demand for wireless access is permanently growing and the transmission bandwidth is limited. Higher data rates and signal quality is always desired among the users; therefore a more efficient use of the frequency resource is needed to fill the user capacity needs. Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) is used to increase the capacity given by regular multiple access techniques (FDMA, TDMA and CDMA) using the user position information to provide access to the best communication channel

Contents Topic | Page No. | Background | 3 | Introduction | 3 | Wireless Communication General Process | 4 | Fundamental of Cellular Communication | 4 | Speed affecting factors in Wireless communication | 6 | Multiple Access Schemes | 6 | Code Division Multiple Access Schemes | 6 | Wireless Local Loop | 9 |

specified to support display, battery and computational power etc. 4G wireless mobile communication networks should not focus on air interface and data rate, but instead cover advance wireless mobile communication networks and high speed wireless access system into different platforms. The era of new wireless communication is evolving and it will soon penetrate into daily life and change the way we live. The key concept is integrating the 4g capabilities with all of the existing mobile technology

spectrum. 1. Helps provides immunity for various kinds of noise and multipath distortion, other words, can be used for anti-jamming (Stallings, 2005, p. 161). 2. Can be used for both hiding and encrypting signals. (Stallings, 2005, p. 161). 3. Multiple users can individually use the same higher bandwidth very slight interference. This property is used in cellular applications and is known as CDM or CDMA (Stallings, 2005, p. 161). 7.5 What is direct sequence spread spectrum?

specified to support display, battery and computational power etc. 4G wireless mobile communication networks should not focus on air interface and data rate, but instead cover advance wireless mobile communication networks and high speed wireless access system into different platforms. The era of new wireless communication is evolving and it will soon penetrate into daily life and change the way we live. The key concept is integrating the 4g capabilities with all of the existing mobile technology

provides mobile ultra-broadband internet access with USB wireless modem to laptops and even Smartphone ( HYPERLINK "https://profiles.google.com/118388133610479779997" Sascha Segan, 2011). It's expected to change the interaction of human with various technological devices when fully implemented. It would enable HYPERLINK "http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/pervasive-computing" pervasive computing, in which simultaneous connections to multiple high-speed networks will provide seamless

volume and data transmission. Fifth generation technology will fulfill all the requirements of customers who always want advanced features in cellular phones. The main features in 5G mobile network is that user can simultaneously connect to the multiple wireless technologies and can switch between them. This forthcoming mobile technology will support IPv6 and flat IP. Fifth generation technology will offer the services like Documentation, supporting electronic transactions (e-Payments, e-transactions)

MIMO techniques are mostly used to accelerate system throughput over disruptive wireless communication channels. It is well known fact that with the number of transmit antenna M and number of receive antenna N, the capacity of MIMO systems increases linearly with a factor of MN. The receiver decodes the received signal vectors into actual information, a narrow band flat fading MIMO is designed as: Y=Hx+n ------ (1) Where Y & x are received and transmitted vectors, H is channel matrix