Complement system

Complement system Introduction Functions of the complement system Complement activation Mechanism of action Regulation Associated Disorders Measurement Chronic inflammation Introduction: Complement system is a part of the innate immunity that functions to identify foreign materials; pathogens, apoptotic cells and cellular debris and induce immune response to eliminate these materials. It is composed of plasma and membranous proteins that complement antibody mediated immunity through activation

The complement system is a part of the immune system that is established in the blood and functions to keep the body healthy. The complement system consists of more than thirty proteins that flow throughout the blood and attack bacteria, viruses, and any foreign invader found throughout the body. More specifically, the complement system helps pathogen cells commit apoptosis, have inflammation, lyse, and opsonization. There are nine major complement proteins, which are C1-C9, that act a little different

One important direction of research was the association drawn between complement Factor H and macular degeneration, which proposed that macular degeneration could be considered a much broader systemic vascular disease. Factor H is a glycoprotein that aids in the inhibiting the activation of the alternate pathway to prevent the

medical devices. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) are one the most abundant cell types secreting many hydrolytic enzymes on failed explanted devices. Recent immunoblot analysis studies of MDM releasate have shown that the activated MDM cells in the system secrete enzymes with esterolytic activity, mainly cholesterol esterase (CE) and carboxyl esterace (CXE), which could be responsible for the biodegradation of the material. Both CE and CXE hydrolyze p-nitrophenylbutyrate (PNB) and are inhibited by

Mannose-binding lectin is an important component of the innate immune system. MBL is originally synthesized in the liver, circulates throughout the body and has the ability to identify a broad range of pathogens based on recognition of carbohydrate repeats displayed on microbial surfaces . 3.4.1 Discovery of mannose binding lectin In 1968, a case of an infant with plasma-dependant defect in phagocytosis of yeast particles was described. The cause was related to a deficiency in a plasma factor rather

Delving into the Process of Eukaryotic Chemotaxis The mechanism in which cells move either towards, or away from a stimulus is referred to as chemotaxis (1). Chemotaxis is initiated in eukaryotic cells when the cells first sense an external chemotactic gradient (2). The presence of this gradient is sensed by a class of receptors, called 7-transmembrane heterotrimeric G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) (2). As the name implies, these proteins are located in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells

The immune system is the body defense mechanism against diseases. Through its different components, the immune system can detect a wide range of microorganisms such as viruses, parasites, bacteria and strange organisms. It has the power and the intelligence to distinguish those microorganisms from the self-healthy tissues; recognize them and eliminate them to protect the body from their harmful effects. However, in some instances, the immune system reacts against self-cells as in autoimmune diseases

high radix multiplication [6]. The modified Radix-4 Booth algorithm is widely used when the operands are equal to or greater than 16 bits. In this algorithm, the two’s complement of a multiplier is encoded in order to reduce the number of partial products that needs to be added. The multiplier, Y can be written in two’s complement form as: [8] Y= -Yn-12n-1+ ΣiYi2i ; 0 ≤ i ≤

its severity until the disease has afflicted permanent damage. This is usually because some symptoms are similar to other less threatening ailments. Lupus affects many systems of the body which include the gastrointestinal system, the cardiopulmonary system, the musculoskeletal system, the renal system, and the integumentary system. This disease is formerly caused by genetic inheritance however, there are a great number of factors that trigger the immediate onset of lupus, as it is not necessarily

Multiphasic Antigenic Variation The antibody response to large numbers of spirochetes circulating in the blood during relapsing fever applies a powerful selective pressure on the population of bacteria. These pathogens have responded to the host’s immune system with the tactic of multiphasic antigenic variation, whereby a clonal population of the bacteria has a repertoire of three or more immunodominant antigens (in the form of variable membrane lipoproteins) that they can display during the course of infection