Concrete

winter. The cold injury of concrete are that flake peeling is caused by the freeze thaw damage of concrete surface material and internal damage produced in the concrete may lead to concrete properties. Prevention the cold damage of concrete in winter construction is important. According to the article, “Energy-Efficient Approach to Cold-Weather Concreting”, Barna, Seman, and Korhonen(2011) introduce a new approach to cold-weather concreting which is antifreeze concrete. They thinks that traditional

of both concrete and arch having great influence in architecture. This paper discussed the development of both concrete and arch. Further discussed are the importance of concrete and arch in the life of Rome and the results of their use. The Development of Concrete Concrete can be looked at as a material made from sand, gravel and cement. According to Lambert (2002), “the first major concrete users were the Egyptians in around 2,500 BC and the Romans from around 300 BC”. Roman concrete like modern

“A criticism of Self-Compacting Concrete” which talks about the problems in using SCC such as segregation and roles of different materials which affect it. It talks about the economic problems too. Finally it says about some projects which are executed with SCC. This paper helped in identifying the disadvantages of using SCC. In 1990, T.H. Cooke wrote a book “Concrete Pumping and Spraying: A practical guide”. This book is related to pumping operations of concrete. A nomograph is suggested by this

Concrete SAMPLING: The first step is to take a test sample from the large batch of concrete. This should be done as soon as discharge of the concrete commences. The sample should be representative of the concrete supplied. The sample is taken in one of two ways: 1. For purposes of accepting or rejecting the load: Sampling after 0.2 m3 of the load has been poured. 2. For routine quality checks: Sampling from three places in the load. Concrete Slump Test: This test is performed to check the consistency

civilizations have come to light about their building material which answers other question regarding their architecture as well. Roman Concrete Scientists have recently discovered the reason why the Roman concrete has survived underwater for more than two millennia and is still getting stronger. This mystery has baffled modern scientists because most of the modern concrete erodes in several decades and even quicker in underwater.

improvement of modern architectural functions, higher requirements of concrete have been put forward. Under the circumstance of high technology, concrete technology is developed towards high-strength, high-workability and high durability. Since the 1990s, along with a variety of new cementitious materials, mineral admixtures, superplasticizer and the new development and application of other additives, the production of concrete with good workability, excellent mechanical properties and also high durability

INTRODUCTION Concrete is a composite material formed by the combination of (a) cement, (b) aggregate and (c) water, in a particular proportion in such a way that concrete produced meets the need of the job on hand, particularly as regards its workability, strength, durability and economy. Hence, it is necessary to understand the details of the above materials. 1.2 HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT 1.3 COMPOSITION OF CONCRETE 1.4 ADVANTAGES OF CONCRETE OVER OTHER MATERIALS [A] Fresh Concrete Definition and

1. INTRODUCTION Concrete is a vital construction material having high compressive strength and comparatively low tensile strength. Based on fracture toughness values, steel is at least 100 times more resistant to crack growth than concrete. Concrete in service thus cracks easily, and this cracking creates easy access routes for deleterious agents resulting in early saturation, freeze-thaw damage, scaling, discoloration and steel corrosion. The concerns with the inferior fracture toughness

Sustainable Concrete Technology What Is Covered? 1. Behavior of concrete and cement systems 2. Durability performance of Concrete 3. Sustainability Of Construction What’s good about concrete? • Strong • Potentially Durable • Cheap • Availability • Can be made on site • Can easily be shaped • Can work as composites with reinforcing materials to overcome its low tensile strength • Use of admixtures can alter the properties • Lightweight What is the role of cement in concrete? • Bonds the

1. Literature review on concrete: The definition of high strength changes over the years as concrete strength used in the field increases. Any construction activity requires several materials such as concrete, steel, brick, stone, glass, clay, mud, wood, and so on. However, the cement concrete remains the main construction material used in construction industries. For its suitability and adaptability with respect to the changing environment, the concrete must be such that it can conserve resources