Confounding

to design a study that does not have confounding variables, it can be a difficult task with much benefits. According to Halpern et al. (2007), “the fundamental goal of psychological research: to discover the causes and consequences of behavior” (Halpern, Roediger, Sternberg, p. 131, 2007). Thusly, for psychological research to show proper and true results without any alternate explanations, the study must be free of confounding variables. If there are confounding variables

future development of policy, it is crucial that the study is designed correctly to determine confounding variables that affect the independent and dependent variables. It is essential to incorporate any variables that may affect the outcome (validity) of the research assignment. For example, Rynkiewicz, Benmakrelouf, & Karouche (2016) utilize the Bayesian network modeling to extract possible confounding variables. Developed from the Bayes Theorem "belief is governed by the laws of probability" (Bayesian

According to Dynamic influences of culture on cooperation in the prisoner’s dilemma (2005) by Wong & Hong, cultural symbols affect people’s behavior in specific situational contexts. In order to substantiate this hypothesis, the authors used a three by two between-subjects method, with one hundred and seventy-one participants. In the study, the independent variable was icons, either from American, Chinese, or neutral backgrounds. Additionally, the three dependent variables studied were cooperation

biased or even suggest correlation when it doesn’t exist. 3 The children who are poor may be suffering negative determinants of health that affect their IQ added upon their exposure to lead. This may over exemplify the findings of the study. Confounding variables, such as the negative social determinants of being poor, may be reduced by ensuring the study is conducted with random samples. 3 Another method may be introducing control variables, such as only measuring students that are within a certain

Sercan İşcan - Tourism Management – 10020003017 PART I. Sherman, G. D., Haidt, J., & Coan, J. A. (2009). Viewing cute images increases behavioral carefulness. Emotion, 9, 282-286. doi:10.1037/a0014904 This article examined how the perception of cuteness influences behavioral carefulness, enhancing people’s ability to care for infants. While researchers took physiological measures of heart activity and skin conductance, they exposed participants to a slide show of pictures of either i)

The music of Mozart has been long praised. His classical sonatas and concertos continue to be recognized as some of the greatest works of music of all time. Since Mozart’s death, many have argued over the relationship between listening to Mozart and intelligence, with many arguing that classical music makes you smarter. Although many myths surrounding the topics of Mozart and intelligence exist, in this paper, I will be addressing the myth in the context that solely listening to the music of Mozart

In contrast to the belief of Sanocki (1933) and Pomerantz (1983), of their being either simultaneous use of global and local processing at different times or them occurring at their own respective times, Hughes, Layton, and Baird (1984) support the GPE. During Hughes, Layton, and Baird’s experiment, subjects were asked to classify patterns in orientations to test the theory of GPE. In the figure orientations, they were specified for either the global (cluster orientation) or the local (line orientation)

the Claim Based on the Research The research offers some grounds for supporting the claim, but notable factors affect a direct link between keeping a food diary and double loss of weight. Therefore, though the research supports the claim, the confounding factors, notable in the research, such as compliance to support group meeting, adherence to DASH, and compliance to moderate intensity level of exercises for at least 30 minutes can also have an influence on weight loss. It is difficult to significantly

His method of testing involved altering the mood of participants with a “test” of verbal abilities, and a subsequent attribution task to measure how affect influenced their perceptions. To alter participants’ moods, a sentence-completion test was used. The average completion score was at nineteen sentences, while the minimum completed by all was fourteen sentences. The “happy” group was told that answering seven to thirteen correctly was “average” and thirteen or higher constituted an “above average”

Pesticides are prevalent in many societies, they are used on crops to ward off insects and other nuisances, in homes to kill rodents, and in gardens to remove weeds. It is interesting that humans are continuously exposed to chemicals that are literally used to kill other living things. Despite the fact that many studies have shown that certain chemicals in pesticides have adverse side effects, pesticide use remains so common place that most people are exposed to pesticides on an almost daily basis