Congenital rubella syndrome

Rubella is another viral infection similar to measles, which causes fever and rash in children but is usually mild when acquired postnatally and may result in abortion or disability after primary infection in the first trimester of pregnancy. Estimates of the global cases of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) derive from models of the risk of infection in pregnancy, using serological information on the age-specific prevalence of rubella antibodies. According to literature reviewed of 1996, approximately

Emotional development- Young infants probably do not have a sense of being an individual. Attachment has been defined as an affectional bond that endures across space and time. There would most likely be a psychological response; you would feel surprised and somewhat pleased to see your mom. Infants who are 'securely attached' have successfully developed what Erikson referred to as trust. Social development- Infants soon recongnise their mothers voice and smell. Social referencing is the term

Rubella and Neonatal Effects Rubella is an essentially harmless disease that resembles measles, however, it is highly teratogenic to a developing fetus. If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, the fetus is at risk to develop Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) which can result in tissue and organ damage. Proper nursing interventions and teaching should be done to prevent the spread of rubella and to lower the rates of CRS. A History and Epidemiology for Rubella Until the 18th century, rubella

Without a doubt the Rubella virus is as contagious and infectious as its counterpart disease named measles; however, ongoing efforts in America since the development of the vaccination, which happened in year 1967, rubella has been virtually eradicated from the United States of America (Baron et al. 1990). According to some articles that I’ve reviewed the main reason for developing the vaccine is to prevent congenital rubella syndrome on fetuses of women that are pregnant during their first trimester

the name of Veale gave it the name of rubella in 1866. Rubella (German Measles) attracted hardly any attention before 1942, when it was discovered by Norman Gregg that birth defects were being linked with maternal rubella in the first trimester. It was until 1962 that the full gravity of rubella embryopathy remained a mystery. In that year, two different groups by the names of Neva and Weller; and Parkman, Buescher, and Artenstein; isolated and clarified rubella in a single tissue culture. (1) Utilizing

underdeveloped or third world countries. German measles, per Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, 22nd edition, is a mild, febrile highly infectious viral disease. It’s rare in the United States. German Measles can be transmitted in several ways. Rubella virus is highly contagious and therefore it can be spread through close contact or through the air. This occurs when a person comes into contact with tiny drops of fluid from the nose or throat of an infected person. This could be through coughing

Introduction Rubella virus was the first teratogenic agent to be identified as it disturbs the embryonic development. While the clinical symptoms of rubella infections acquired postnatally are usually mild, and many infections are asymptomatic, this virus can be even fatal for the fetus during pregnancy. The rubella virus replicates in the upper respiratory tract and nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue, and the virus then spreads to surrounding regional lymph and then bloodstream. It’s highly contagious

Stages and Processes of Human Prenatal Development INTRODUCTION The purpose of this article is to highlight the biological processes that drive embryonic development. It will be mainly focused on stages of prenatal development at the semi-cellular level that result in visible advances in the embryo’s development as it matures into a fetus and eventually is born. However, these biological processes are not flawless; in some cases, infections, risk factors present in the environment outside of the

The Mumps virus seems to have been around since ancient times. Research says that the virus has been documented or recorded by the Hippocrates in 5th century BCE (Mumps Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases). We give credit to Johnson and Goodpasture for helping determine how the virus is spread. This particular virus has been and still is known worldwide but became a reportable disease in the United States in 1968. The history behind the Mumps is not very detailed but

Congenital hearing loss is described as hearing loss that exists at birth. Factors responsible for this condition include those present during pregnancy (such as hereditary factors), as well as factors present after pregnancy. An inherited congenital hearing loss could be conductive, sensorineural, or even a combination of both. The amount or progression of this type of hearing loss varies according to each individual’s case. According to Richard Smith, congenital hearing loss is “syndromic (associated