Connection-oriented protocol

performance of an application. Protocol layers. A typical computer network makes use of many protocols—easily hundreds. To deal with this complexity, the protocols are organized into layers. These protocol layers are arranged in a “stack.” For example, the Internet organizes its protocols into five layers—namely, from top to bottom: application layer, transport layer, network layer, link layer, and physical layer. The protocols of layer n use the services provided by the protocols at the layer n - 1 (the

following cases, with the performance assumptions listed below: i) Using connectionless (datagram) communication (for example, UDP); ii) Using connection-oriented communication (for example, TCP); iii) The server process is in the same machine as the client. [Latency per packet (local or remote,incurred on both send and receive):5 milliseconds Connection setup time (TCP only):5 milliseconds Data transfer rate:10 megabits per second MTU:1000 bytes Server request processing time:2 milliseconds Assume

provider to take advantage of the power of Internet by providing a private tunnel through the public cloud to realize cost savings and productivity enhancements from remote access applications. VPNs securely convey information across the Internet connection to remote users, branch offices and business partners into an extended corporate network. This paper is an attempt to provide an overview of VPN and its services and how the

Routine activities such as reading a letter or looking at a sign, trigger connections in my mind. I have always enjoyed reading theorems and understanding their proofs. My interest in cryptography further burgeoned since every protocol, or algorithm

Question #1: Let us assume that a full-feature movie in MP4 format has a size of 2.4GB. How long would it take to download such a movie over: a) a T1 connection b) a T3 connection c) a cable modem with 2Mbps connection d) a telephone modem of 56Kbps Answer #1: Before specifically talk about how long the 2.4GB will take to completely get downloaded, I would like to talk about the difference between Byte (B) and bits (b) first. A bit is a single number or a single value which can be either 0 or 1 and

speed to reduce? Why is it behaving completely opposite then the theory? Those are the questions that will be answered in the next few sections of this paper. 2: SOME COMMON NETWORK TERMINOLOGY Metrics are used to measure aspects of network and protocol performance. The values for such metrics in various scenarios indicate the level of performance of a

2.1.2 DNS SPOOFING: DNS is a Domain Name System. DNS contains all IP addresses and name of the websites in its database in the form of records called resource records and are placed in the hierarchal manner. DNS spoofing is a similar type of MITMA when compared to ARP cache poisoning. DNS spoofing is a technique used by hackers to provide false DNS information to the host while accessing a website. When users try to gain

Culture and International Business Negotiations Global trades account for more than 60% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (The Economist, 2014, para. 2), therefore, the important role of International Business Negotiations (IBN) in the global economy. Manrai and Manrai article The Influence of Culture in International Business Negotiations (2010) discusses the art and sciences aspects of successful IBN from a cultural perspective. Culture has been classified in innumerable ways and the comprehension

Student Number: 100782427 Ioannis Adamos Title: Threats of BGP Protocol, Security and Experiment by using Hijacking. Supervisor: Geraint Price Submitted as part of the requirements for the award of the MSc in Information Security at Royal Holloway, University of London. I declare that this assignment is all my own work and that I have acknowledged all quotations from published or unpublished work of other people. I also declare that I have read the statements on plagiarism

The OSI reference model is a seven layer abstract model developed by ISO in 1984. It describes the standards for inter-computer communication that is how data flows from one computer on a network through wires, cable and routers to another computer in another network. Each layer provides a framework to explain specific functionalities and the interactions between network components where the upper layers ( Application, Presentation, Session )mostly work at the software level and the lower layers(Transport