Cortical bone

break in the patients humerus, occipital bone and 3rd Lumbar vertebral body c. Proximal Closer to the origin of the body. In this case the fracture at the proximal diaphysis means the part of the shaft closer to the origin of the humerus (the shoulder) d. Diaphysis The shaft of the bone which surrounds the medullary cavity. In this patients case the diaphysis (shaft) of the humerus has been fractured 
 2. One way bones are classified is by

is to find the information about the clinical condition that change the normal structures of the bones and how the disease affect our daily life. Osteoporosis is a disease that arise when our normal structures of the bone changes as it becomes fragile and break easily.One interesting fact is that, almost one in two women and one in five men over the age of 50 will break a bone,mainly due to poor bone health(“An Introduction to Osteoporosis,”n.d.). Osteoporosis is common for post menopausal women

Ceramics are found in the family of calcium phosphates. Ex. Tricalcium phosphates, Hydroxyapatite, substitute apatite, biphasic system. They often have similar properties to the composition of bone. Their objective is to only mimic the mineral component of bone. They can also be considered bio-absorbable. They avoid the formation of fibrous tissue, and encapsulation of the implant, thus isolating it from the body system (this is a result of an immunological response). A lot of metal orthopedic implants

have the advantages of small size and portabil¬ity providing quick and simple measurements In addition, low costs and shorter investigation times compared with both DXA and QCT (43). QUS of bone has been applied about two decades ago as a method for evaluating bone structural features and elastic properties of bone tissues that could not be assessed using densitometric approaches (43), particularly in post-menopausal os¬teoporosis (44). The recent technical creations of some of the available devices

before the age of twenty. This disease is known for the thickening of the bones, in which the outer layer of the bone widens and becomes hyperdense in a sclerotomal distribution. This condition often times only affects the appendicular skeleton and is known as a mesenchymal dysplasia. Melorheostosis is very rare and is non hereditary. This disease has a “flowing wax” appearance that makes it very recognizable when examining the bones. In this article there were two separate cases that were studied and

Losing bone is common of the ageing process, but for some individuals it can lead to osteoporosis and a multiplied risk of fractures. Osteoporosis ("porous bone"), is a disease that intensifies the loss of bone mass and strength. It often advances without any symptoms or pain. Thus, osteoporosis is not detected until weakened bones cause painful fractures typically in the back or hips. These brittle fractures result in serious morbidity and may have lasting effects through associated depression,

which bone tissue is normally mineralized but the mass of bone is decreased and structural integrity of trabecular bone is impaired. Cortical bone becomes more porous and thinner, making bone weaker and prone to fractures. The World Health Organization (WHO)(1994) has defines postmenopausal osteoporosis abased on the bone density. Bone density is based on the number of standard deviations away from the mean bone mineral density of a young adult reference population, a T-score. Normal bone mass density

is what shapes the body, supports the body, and protects important organs in the body. The skeletal system is also a storage for calcium which is important for strength of bones, proper function of the heart, muscles and blood clotting. Other important functions of the skeletal system is creation of red blood cells in the bone marrow, which is responsible for transporting oxygen throughout the body. The skeletal system which has so many important functions for the body can be affected by many types

not enough bone suitable for placement of the dental implants. In these situations patients are

How optimum bone strength and BMD is maintained Bone remodeling is a five-stage process. Bone is renewed to prevent accumulation of micro-damage and maintain bone strength and BMD (Burr, 2002) (See figure1): 1. Alteration in mechanical loading and micro-fracture is sensed by osteocytes. In response, bone-resorbing factors are released, activating bone-lining cells, which interact with pre-osteoclasts. The interaction stimulates pre-osteoclasts fusion and differentiation into multinucleated osteoclasts