Crystal Enterprise

156*10-12 m. Carbon atoms are 89 picometers smaller in radius than Iron atoms. Carbon atoms are considerably smaller than Iron atoms as they are smaller than half the size of iron atoms. Because of the small size of carbon, it will enter the iron crystal structure through interstitial diffusion. The Governing Equation for this diffusion is (C-Co)/(Cs-Co)=1-erf[ x/(2*(Dt)1/2)] . This an equation for a non-steady state diffusion process that has been derived from Fick’s Second Law which describes how

of the Demolition of the Crystal Palace, 1936 The Crystal Palace designed by Joseph Paxton stood for eighty-five years. It succumbed to fire "at six o'clock on the evening of 30th November 1936" (Beaver, 141). A fire was discovered in the staff lavatory, and within minutes the whole structure was ablaze. The spectacular building was engulfed in fire as it dissolved into just a skeleton of its former structure. Paxton used innovative methods of construction on the Crystal Palace, greatly influenced

Paragraph 1: Compare and Contrast between the crystal structures In this paragraph, we will be comparing between the crystal chemistry of the α- and β- FePO4, describing the crystallochemical relationship between the structure and how the structures are temperature-dependent. As FePO4 distinguishes itself from the other isotypes because the ion at the cathode is a transition metal. Transition metals have very low ionization energies, and often high melting and boiling points. When the temperature

Introduction In many pharmaceutical industries, spray drying is used to create particles that are utilized to form many oral or inhaled drugs. Thus, these particles are designed to be pressed into tablets or dispersed in aerosols. A spray dryer is a processing unit that produces a mist where the solvent is quickly evaporated, leaving particles that are collected in a cyclone. This quick evaporation leaves the molecules fixed in their current positions, preventing the molecules from finding their

R L Timings describes materials as being a vital part of the evolution of mankind. He stated that our ability to use and develop materials to satisfy a human requirement is what really set us apart from other animals. This started from building weapons by manipulating stone and wood to hunt and defend territory. He goes on to say this lead to building tools to cultivate land and to manufacture artefacts such as cooking utensils. He finishes this part of his writing by listing how materials have developed

and Naphthalene Introduction Recrystallization is a technique frequently used in organic chemistry to purify solid organic compounds. The goal of this technique is to allow organic compounds to form crystal lattice structures, and to remove any of the impurities that do not align within this crystal structure [3]. The theory behind recrystallization revolves around entropy; as heat will cause a organic compound to dissolve (increase in entropy), a decrease in heat will then allow that organic compound

to 1.2%, w/v). Concentrations higher than 0.03% (w/v) generated extremely viscous solutions and thus were not investigated. Characterization of Particle Size and Shape It has been previously reported that the micrometric properties of engineered crystals (e.g. size and shape) could differ significantly by using a small amount of an ‘effective additive’ (Davey, 1982). Particle size distribution (PSD) for commercial xylitol and crystallized xylitol in the presence or the absence of different additives

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The CoCaOxM crystals were grown by single diffusion gel growth technique and the harvested crystals are analysed by FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, UV-Visible and incubation studied. 3.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy The FTIR spectrum of CoCaOxM crystals were as shown in Fig 3. In FTIR spectrum, a strong band at 3434cm-1 and 3062cm-1 is due to asymmetric and symmetric OH stretching while an intense absorptions band at 3261cm-1 show inters molecular hydrogen bonded OH

abstract Photonic crystal is a composite dielectric with periodic modulation of refractive index that brings about unique photonic band-gap effect by which light could be totally reflected on the surface of such material regardless of any incident angle or mode. Such bandgap effect could be understood by investigating the optical performance of photonic crystals. In this paper, photonic bandgap calculations are performed for two dimensional photonic crystals using matlab. Plane wave expansion

part of Geology, especially when studying Crystal and mineral growth. Understanding how crystals grow and the difference between slow and fast cooling rates is also important in Geology. Knowing the difference between cooling rates is important because cooling rate changes the texture of rocks and minerals. The purpose for the Crystal Growth experiment is to identify which Solubility and temperature produces larger crystals, and to simulate natural crystal growth. We will achieve the results we desire