Crystallography

Rosalind Franklin used X-ray crystallography to discover the structure of DNA. With the use of X-ray crystallography, or X-ray diffraction, she was able to create Photo 51. With the close examination of this photo and other photos similar, she was able to conclude that the structure of DNA is a double helix. She was the first to successfully discover the correct structure of DNA. Franklin had made a breakthrough in the world of DNA. She also identified the two different forms of DNA, the A form and

Crystallography is one of the best methods that is used to study the three-dimensional shape of the protein structure. Crystallography doesn’t directly work on the three-dimensional structure, but rather it works on studying the protein crystals that are used to find the three-dimensional structure of the proteins. The different concentration of salts and the protein play a big rule in the quantity and size of the proteins. In our experiment, we had 6 wells labeled from A1 till A6, and had different

Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Definition 1 1.2. Displacive Transformations 1 1.3. Hysteresis 2 1.4. Crystal structures of Ti-Ni based martensites 3 1.5. Spectroscopy techniques to determine composition of SMA 4 1.5.1. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy 4 1.6. Phase diagram of Ti-Ni Alloys 5 2. APPLICATION OF SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS IN INTELLIGENT REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES (IRCS) 7 2.1. Concept of IRCs 7 2.2. Important Shape Memory Alloy Properties Applied in IRC 7 2.2.1. Shape Memory

or combination of polarizability tensor α. To start with the correlation method, the crystallographic information of the compound has to be known exactly and this crystallographic information is obtained from the international tables for X-ray crystallography [72]. Much important information is gathered from irreducible representation of the crystal as it allows predicting the

X-ray powder diffraction patterns of good quality were obtained for the samples using CuKα radiation of wavelength 1.5406A0 at room temperature. The obtained X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of a single phase cubic spinel structure for the ferrite samples with a crystallite size ranging from 25-34nm as reported earlier [16]. The X-ray diffraction patterns were fitted using a Rietveld refinement procedure as shown in Fig 2 [17,18]. The fitted patterns were observed for eight peaks

Gadolinium (Gd)-doped antiperovskite compounds Mn3Cu1-xGdxN were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction. With increasing Gd concentration, two magnetic transitions appeared, at a high Curie temperature (TC1) corresponding to paramagnetic (PM)-ferromagnetic (FM) transition and a low temperature (TC2) ascribed to the FM-antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition. The magnetic relaxation results show the formation of a magnetic metastable state after the FM-AFM transition at low temperature (lower

Based on the above mentioned structural and morphological results, the sample SP0.10 has high degree of crystallinity with narrower particles size distribution, Therefor this value was selected as optimum degree and checked the effect of gel making agent on it. Experiments SP0.10, SP0.10A and SP0.10B were an optimization set for the citric acid (CA) and ethylene glycol (EG) as gel making agent shown in table-1. The common small organic molecules used in sol–gel chemistry are citric acid. Citric acid

Solidification is essentially an atom movement process in diffusion controlled solidification. Take single-phase alloy for example, the alloy is in a composition of C0. The phase diagram (Fig. 2.9) of the alloy has been perfected by assuming solid line and liquid line are straight. Thus, the partition coefficient k can be given (Porter, Easterling and Sherif, 2009), k=C_S/C_L (2.13) and the volume fraction of the solid can be given, f_s=(C_L 〖-C〗_0)/(C_L

Paragraph 1 This research paper aims to describe and explain the observed structural evolution of Iron (III) Phosphate, FePO4, upon subjected to time-­‐of-­‐flight neutron powder diffraction, which causes an increase in temperature from 294 K to 1073 K. FePO4 exists as a tetrahedral lattice structure of the α-­‐quartz at relatively low temperatures, of which its structural parameters tend towards the β-­‐phase at conditions of high temperatures. α-­‐FePO4 has a space group of quartz, P3121 and hence

Also, group 2 data was missing, we can estimate the value should be between Group 1 and 3. And I fixed the value at the same initial point, so we can see the change more directly. As it shown to us above, with the boron composition increasing, the solubility is decreasing. Conclusion From XRD we can get the glass is partially glass and partially crystalline. EDS shows the element composition of the glass, and the SEM pictures show us the microscopy image of the glass, and we can find a lot of crack