Diethyl ether

aprotic solvents to minimize interactions with strong proton sources that may result in undesired products. Furthermore, the solvent chosen for the reaction must dissolve everything in solution. Commonly used solvents in Grignard reactions are diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran (THF). They are preferred over hexane solvents due to the presence of an oxygen atom which contains a lone electron pair that attracts the partially positive magnesium metal, resulting in increased stability. As mentioned previously

100 % theoretical yield. Diethyl ether solvent was used to keep away any water/moisture that could destroy the Grignard reagent and react to form a hydrocarbon instead of an alcohol. Therefore, experiment execution need a lot of precision and precautious to make sure that the apparatus used/reused as well as the reaction itself is dry and away from water or moisture. There

The Grignard reagent can be made through adding the halogenolkane to small pieces of magnesium in a flask that contains diethyl ether. The lone pair electrons from two ether molecules form a complex with the magnesium in the Grignard reagent to stabilize the organometallic compound in order to increase the reagents’ ability to react. The mixture in the flask was warmed over a water bath for 30 minutes

is a halogen. The balanced equation is shown below in Equation 1. 2RMgX  R2Mg + MgX2 Eq. 1 Grignard reagents form on the surface of metals. Most undergo reactions with ether (2). The reason that the Grignard synthesis is so valuable is due to the fact that it can form carbon-carbon bonds from carbon nucleophiles. Some of

the purpose of this experiment is to prepare a Grignard reagent by reacting with alkyl or aryl halide and to ultimately react the Grignard reagent with carbon dioxide in order to produce carboxylate. The formed carboxylate is then protonated with an acid to produce carboxylic acid that could be used with liquid-liquid extraction to isolate the unknown acid from the other products from side reactions. The final unknown product is identified by measuring the melting point and calculating the molecular

Grignard 5. Introduction In this experiment, an unknown Grignard reagent was prepared from an aryl halide. The unknown reagent was then reacted with carbon dioxide to form a carboxylic acid. The solid acid was then isolated and recrystallized before the melting point was taken. The precipitate was then dissolved in water and titrated to determine the molecular weight. The melting point and molecular weight were then used to determine the unknown acid obtained from the experiment. 6. Data and Results

5.3 mL of bromobenzne and 15 mL of anhydrous ether was then placed into the separatory funnel and was shaken and vented in order to mix the solution. Half of the bromobenzene solution was added first into the round bottom flask and as soon as a color change was observed, the remaining half of the bromobenzene

entire impure product was mixed with diethyl ether for extraction. Upon mixing, the solution separates into two layers; an organic layer and an aqueous layer. The organic layer contains the desired product. Additional extractions using sodium carbonate solution and sodium hydroxide solution were used as well to ensure removal of undesired molecules. The reason that two layers form is due to the fact that water is immiscible with organic products and diethyl ether meaning that they do not dissolve into

Purpose/Introduction What were we trying to accomplish with this experiment? What method did we implement to accomplish the task? What techniques were used to purify and identify the product(s) of the reaction? In this experiment, an acid-base extraction was done to separate a mixture of an unknown acid and fluorene, a neutral compound. The possible unknown acids were 2-chlorobenzoic acid, 3-chlorobenzoic acid, and 3-methylbenzoic acid. The purification of the isolated unknown acid was performed

Abstract Bromobenzene was reacted with Magnesium and anhydrous ether to create a Grignard reagent. Benzophenone was added to the reagent in order to produce triphenylmethanol. The final product’s melting point was measured at 40.5-44°C; too low to be triphenylmethanol. The final product was determined to be benzophenone, indicating that no reaction occurred. Grignard reagents were likely deactivated by water, causing the reaction to not occur. Introduction1,2,3 This experiment was designed to work