Ejection fraction

Systolic heart failure: is also known as Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Systolic HF is defined as an ejection fraction of < 40% and an inability of the heart to generate cardiac output adequate enough to perfuse vital tissues. Hemodynamic Changes: Contractility is influential in cardiac output and can be compromised due to myocardial infarction, ischemia, cardiomyopathy, and increased cardiac workload, to name a few. Inflammatory, immune, and neurohumoral changes can mediate

heart failure when angiotensin I receptors is activated by Angiotensin II leading to fluid overload (10). Mineralocorticoid/aldosterone receptor antagoists are the useally recommended in all heart failure patient with reduce left ventricular ejection fraction <35%. Precution should be taken before giving MRAs to the patient with reduce renal function (24). ACEi supress the secretion of adlosterone transiently. So, the treatment

and manuscript preparation. Our data result in four abstracts that had been accepted for presentation at AHA meeting 2015. Ongoing project. Clinical Trial: NEAT-HFpEF “ Nitrate’s Effect on Activity Tolerance in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction”. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN) compared to placebo increases daily activity as assessed by 14-day averaged arbitrary accelerometry units (AAU14). My contribution to this clinical trial was reviewing

Heart Failure: Heart failure is a serious medical condition that is brought by the failure of the heart to pump sufficient blood throughout the body at the right pressure. Generally, this condition is a progressive and chronic disease in which the heart muscle is incapable to pump adequate blood for all blood and oxygen needs of the body. Since the heart cannot keep up with its workload under this condition, it attempts to make up for the failure through enlarging, developing more muscle mass

cardiac catheterization to determine the patient ejection fraction or EF, but most common practice is to order an echocardiogram, which is less invasive, to determine the ejection fraction. (Association, American Heart, 2013) Ejection fraction, usually stated as a percentage, determines how well the heart pumps with each beat. A normal heart will pump a little more than half the heart’s blood volume with each beat. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), measures the amount of blood pumped out

approximately 23 million people worldwide and roughly 5.8 people are affected in the United States (Alpert et al., 2014). It is estimated that roughly 40 to 71% of people affected by heart failure have a normal or close to normal left ventricular ejection fraction (Alpert et al., 2014). The prevalence of heart failure increases with age and it is estimated that 6-10% of people over the age of 65 are affected (Kasper et al., 2015). Heart failure is a progressive disorder that is often initiated by an event

and had a ventricular response of 110 beats/min with palpitations and shortness of breath1. Medications that he was taking includes angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, Lisinopril, Carvediol, Digoxin, and Furosemide1. His left ventricular ejection fraction has been reduced to 25%1. Further examinations showed that he had edema in his legs and crackles at the base of his lungs1. He was then told to increase the dosage of Furosemide by taking the drug twice daily instead of once, and doubling the

(MRI) is a diagnostic imaging modality that uses magnetic resonance imaging to assess cardiac function (5). Cine studies can reconstruct images across several phases of the cardiac cycle. This method of MRI can measure left ventricular volume, ejection fraction, myocardial contraction, and strain rate (10). MRI has the ability to provide information on left ventricular function as well as regional profusion simultaneously (11). The new MRI techniques can also evaluate angiogenesis and myocardial viability

systolic function. (A) Determining right ventricular outflow tract shortening fraction (RVOT-SF) as a ratio between the difference in end-diastolic (RVOTD) and end-systolic

Congenital left ventricular outpouching (LVO) is an uncommon perinatal diagnosis. Various terms used in the medical literature to describe the LVO are a source of perplexity. The novel classification developed in a recent review by Rad et al attempting to provide a clear differentiation of the mixed definitions based on anatomical and cardiac imaging data. Our report presents a case series of prenatal diagnosis of LVO. The application of Rad et al original classification and its impact on the patients’