Erosion

The state of Michigan is a fascinating area. From its mitten-like shape, to its historical background, to the presence of the Great Lakes, Michigan has a story unlike any others. One very important part of Michigan’s story is how water has shaped the land making up the state. Seeing as the Great Lakes surround Michigan, it is obvious that the hydrologic system plays a great role in the water supply and the ecosystem of the Great Lakes. The hydrologic cycle includes evaporation, condensation, precipitation

Introduction The Mayan civilization was situated in the lowlands of present-day Guatemala. During the 6th century, the society was at its best as it prospered in different aspects of life. It comprised of approximately 19 million people. Their calendar-making skills, poetry, and agricultural skills are some of the most outstanding achievements of the civilization. Their artwork and architecture were also exceptional. However, the cities and other areas of residence of the Mayan people were abandoned

reduces the scattering. • In agricultural lands the receiving water is contaminated by nonpoint pollution due to different agricultural activities like crop production, cattle operations, crop pattern and rangelands. • High rates of surface runoff and erosion of land covered by annual crops have high levels of turbidity in receiving water specially in spring when vegetation cover is minimal. • Wetlands used in removal of bacterial contamination in rivers , act as biofilter which increases the turbidity

effective erosion control measures to maximize sediment reduction. However, such information is extremely limited due to difficulties in direct measurement of sediment source contributions from various sources within a watershed (Zhang and Liu 2016). Generally, there are two ways in determining the source of sediment. One is to use traditional techniques such as erosion pins or unit source plots or small watersheds to estimate sediment provenance from a source type (e.g. gully, overland erosion source)

still relevant to scientist studying the formations today. The four themes are: 1) the role of marine and subaerial processes in platform development; 2) morphology of shore platforms; 3) modelling platform development; and 4) measuring rates of erosion (Stevenson 1, 2000). Research has commonly assumed that the origins of the shore platform are wave-cut, however in recent years there has been research into a wider range of platforms and process leading to more theories. Defining and Distinguishing

Coastal erosion is known as the natural removal of land and sand caused by changing wave conditions, coastal erosion is also caused by storm events which creates a massive amount of destruction to the beach and can put building and infrastructure in potential danger (SES, 2016). Some of the factors that affect coastal erosion include: strength of waves, weather as well as human activity can all negatively impact the amount of erosion (A. Jackson, 2016). Beaches are an important part of the world’s

Prior to the arrival of Europeans, land care was a major purpose in life for Aboriginal people and although their approach was entirely sustainable, they were actively intervening in the landscape. They involved activities such as damming creeks, fire-stick farming and sustainable harvesting methods. (Roberts, 2014) The damming of creeks created natural watering holes for their own use as well as attracting animals to the area, which incidentally resulted in a change in Australian landscape. Fire-stick

also extremely exposed with little protection. The original coastline before the ice age consisted mainly of chalk, and is still present today at Flamborough Head where a headland has formed as chalk is much more resistant to coastal erosion than the boulder clay. This outcrop of land provides some shelter, although it is minimal, as the stretch of coastline down to Spurn Head is over 50km long, most experiencing almost head on dominant waves. The coastline is also exposed

than space. More sun radiation causes the average temperature to increase at a rapid rate inducing effects that lead up to global warming. Deforestation of rainforests is more than just cutting down trees, it is a major cause of global warming, soil erosion, and extinction of many plants and animals around the world. Deforestation rids the earth of trees; necessary organisms that produce oxygen while taking in carbon dioxide through the process of photosynthesis. Because of this, these organisms are

better. Forest is a home of animals, birds, and indigenous people mostly from Amazon forest, which lies in South America. Forest is not only a home, but it is also a source of oxygen, food, shelter, medicine etc. It plays vital role to prevent soil erosion and landslide. We can say that without forest we cannot survive. Although, knowing forest is essential for us, there has been cut down of forest to build industries, town, homes etc. The act of deforestation has been increasing every year, and it