Erythropoietin

Cycling’s reputation has been tarnished due to the common practice of doping. There have been several high profile cyclists that have been found to engage in this practice with the most famous being Lance Armstrong. In response the IOC and WADA have developed more efficient testing, but the athletes still have found a way to beat the system. In recent years more effective tests have been developed to see if a cyclist is doping. The practice of doping has been a problem for hundreds of years. While

prevalence is estimated to be approximately 80% among these patients. The etiology of ED in CKD patients is multifactorial. Abnormalities in gonadal-pituitary system, endothelial dysfunction, disturbance in autonomic nervous system, anemia and erythropoietin deficiency, secondary hyperparathyroidism,

While these effects of performance-enhancing drugs seem desirable, a majority of athletes are unaware of the risks and complications that come with the use of these drugs. Erythropoietin causes the blood to become thicker due to the extra red blood cells. This can lead to an increase in the likelihood of an athlete having a heart attack, stroke, or blockage in the blood vessels. Anabolic steroids have the largest range of side effects. Taking anabolic steroids may lead to severe acne, liver abnormalities

excitotoxicity, inflammatory alters, iron accumulation, and aggregation of protein. Some of neuroprotective treatments including Glutamate antagonists, Caspase inhibitors, Trophic factors, Anti protein aggregation agents, Therapeutic hypothermia, Erythropoietin has been reported to protect nerve cells from hypoxia-induced glutamate

The cardiovascular system contributes to all of the bodily systems mostly through the heart pumping blood to each system. The blood delivers, “oxygen and nutrients and removing wastes by means of capillary exchange” (Tortora & Derrickson, 2014, p. 793). This helps blood circulate into the tissues allowing the body tissues to be kept at the proper temperature. The proper temperature allows for homeostasis to occur so the systems can work properly. The integumentary system is the organ system that

Anemia What is anemia? Anemia is a medical condition characterized by low red blood cell count or mass (hemoglobin). This can be caused by blood loss, decreased production of red blood cells, or increased red cell destruction. Some common forms of anemia include iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, thyroid disease, and liver disease. Patients with certain blood or bone marrow cancers may also develop anemia. Individuals with anemia often develop symptoms of when their hemoglobin is very low

Gene doping is an extension of gene therapy. Though, instead of injecting DNA into specific cells for the purpose of repairing the function to a damaged or missing gene, gene doping involves implanting DNA for the purpose of enhancing athletic performance. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), an international organization created in 1999 to "promote, coordinate, and monitor the fight against doping in sport in all its forms," defines gene doping as the "nontherapeutic use of cells, genes, genetic

horizon in research goal as well as to do something that will directly benefit people. I have been employed as a research and development officer in the mammalian cell-based bio-therapeutics unit, and have been working on to develop recombinant erythropoietin. During the last 3 years as an R&D officer, I have not only been exposed to various advanced technologies of chromatography system like affinity chromatography, gel filtration, anion and cation exchange chromatography, HPLC and TFF system and

slow-growing blood cancer that cause your bone marrow to produce too many red blood cells, which thickens the blood and cause the blood to flow slowly. (Polycythemia, 2017). Secondary polycythemia is due to increased erythropoietin production either in response to having hypoxia or from an erythropoietin secreting tumor ( Polycythemia, 2017). Mr. Reddington's chronic bronchitis most likely contribute to the development of secondary polycythemia due to having hypoxia due to a decrease of oxygen, and hypertension

Enhancement Drugs Anabolic steroids are frowned upon in sports, The drug was sustained from sports in 1988, there has been a lot of arguments over this and I believe that the drug should be allowed for public use, and for sports. The drug is a great way to be where you want in life, for example, gaining muscle and gaining weight. The performance enhancing drug has and offers great affects on your body, for example, the drug has visual effects as in a lot toner body a nice shape in muscle growth