Executive functions

The structure of the brain serves as a visual aid in understanding the “architecture of language networks”, while the functions explain how these networks are aligned through different contexts or personal experiences (Wong, Ying & O’Brien, 2015). Several studies indicate that bilinguals have a select advantage over monolinguals in the capacity of their cognitive abilities, which results from their language experiences. Bilingual individuals constantly select and omit specific words when switching

by intelligence tests” (Goodenough, 1926, p. 393). The assumption that bilingualism is harmful and interferes with healthy development has been since debunked by research findings indicating exposure to two languages from birth enhances cognitive function (Bialystok, Craik, & Luk, 2012). Although similar misguided perceptions have not vanished completely from our society and many educators and clinical practitioners continue to advise parents against exposing their children to multiple languages

Burnett, A., Scratch, S., & Anderson, P. (2013). Executive function outcome in preterm adolescents. Early Human Development, 89(4), 215-220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2013.01.013 This article explores at Premature and low birth weight as risk factors for behavioral, academic and cognitive difficulties. The term executive functioning has been used in this article in trying to understand these impairments. This is an umbrella term that entails goal-oriented and higher-order problem-solving

The results are consistent with the notion that both groups exhibit different development of brain networks associated with the control of executive functions. Dr. Tom Schweizer, a neuroscientist in St. Michael Hospital in Canada studied the effects of bilingualism in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. He chose a sample of patients with similar background, education, and disease cognitive detriment

believe someone is reading their minds, monitoring their thoughts, or is even planning to harm them. This, as well as terrifying them, can cause negative cognitive symptoms that might be challenging to recognize as part of the disorder such as; poor executive functioning, problems with their working memory, lack of attention, as well as large amounts of emotional distress. The reason why people with schizophrenia have a hard time dealing with their challenging symptoms is mainly because the illness is

we continue to grow older, these Cognitive functions start declining and the way we problem solve or the way our minds work start to slow down. Therefore, research has been very intrigued in better understanding the higher levels of functions in cognition in adults and later in life for a certain reasons (Salthouse, 2012). Salthouse (2012), mentions in his article a brief review on studies focused on the relationship between age and cognitive functions. It is stated in the article that with higher

outperformed monolinguals in attention tasks, and attention is extremely important to performing well on a variety of neuropsychological tests. Cognitive benefits in executive control for bilinguals is highly researched; there is a plethora of experiments conducted showing bilinguals outscoring their monolingual counterparts for executive function. Fortunately, Gregory and Van Hell performed a Simon task Experiment with monolinguals, bilinguals, and trilinguals. Gregory and Van Hell are able to compare across

Executive Function (EF) refers to higher-level cognitive processes that underlie goal-directed thought and behavior (Faja, Lecture 9, slide 4). Neuroimaging studies have revealed that the neural underpinning of EF is based in the prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate (Faja, Lecture 9, slide 44). It follows that the developmental trajectory of EF concur with the development of the prefrontal cortex. EF emerges fairly early during infancy, develops rapidly during childhood, and continue to mature

DEFICITS IN MS: Both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic methods have been employed to treat cognitive deficits in MS. The use of disease-modifying therapies (DMT) for the improvement of cognitive functions in MS has been a target of investigation for several years. DMT therapy may improve cognitive function through the prevention of new lesions or potentially through the deceleration of neurodegeneration. In addition to the DMT findings, a number of studies have explored the benefits of agents known

ϖ Reference: Memarmoghaddam M, Torbati HT, Sohrabi M, Mashhadi A, Kashi A. Effects of a selected exercise program on executive function of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Medicine and Life. 2016;9(4):373–9. ϖ Purpose of the study: This program was created to see if the control of the FITT would have the best results of the executive functions for children with ADHD. Also the study wishes to find out if certain exercise programs would help conative behavior and