Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

the lung open by maintaining a minimum end expiratory volume which helps to avoid lung damage by repeated shear stress between alveoli that can occur when lung units are repeatedly opened and closed at low lung volumes. 3. As PEEP is increased, oxygenation improve but It should be emphasized that PaO2 alone is not always a good indicator of an appropriate PEEP level because PaO2 improvement may be related to recruitment of lung tissue and alveolar ventilation VA increases with resultant CO2 wash.

Davina Lopez Ms.Loncono English 2 20 March 2015 The Next Medical Advancement: Artificial Lung Transplant The artificial lung is on a road to becoming the greatest thing in medical history. Over 200 million people suffer from respiratory diseases, 350,000 people a year die from lung disease and 150,000 more people require medical care for this disease. Individuals that suffer with respiratory diseases often need a caretaker to look after them if they cannot do basic things like use the restroom

cardiac arrest (CA) are unresponsive to traditional CPR which includes defibrillation, manual chest compressions, and resuscitative medication (Stub et al., 2015; Avalli et al., 2012). This has sparked a growing interest in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), in providing mechanical circulatory support in victims of CA after conventional CPR (C-CPR) has failed in establishing an adequate circulation (Stub et al., 2015; Thiagarajan et al., 2009). Having said that, management of CA

The physiological effects of nitric oxide were first recognized in 1876, but was not acknowledged for its physiological and medical usage until the late 20th century. Since then, inhaled nitric oxide has been used by medical clinicians for the treatment of neonates who suffer from hypoxic respiratory failure linked with persistent pulmonary hypertension and for the treatment of adults with pulmonary hypertension associated with respiratory distress syndrome. Although inhaled nitric oxide has been

refractory to supplemental oxygen, but which in some cases was responsive to the application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)” (Ferguson et al., 2012, p. 1574). Autopsy also revealed widespread pulmonary inflammation, edema and hyaline membranes (Ferguson et al., 2012).

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a breathing disorder that affects newborns. RDS rarely occurs in full-term infants. The disorder is more common in premature infants born about 6 weeks or more before their due dates. It usually develops in the first 24 hours after birth. RDS is more common in premature infants because their lungs aren't able to make enough surfactant. Surfactant is a liquid that is produced from the alveolar type two cells and coat the inside of the lungs. It breaks up the

Throughout my third year of education at New York Medical College, receiving exposure to anesthesiology was a top priority for me. It was difficult to find, as my opportunities in the operating room were only in general surgery and obstetrics/gynecology rotations where my commitment was toward the primary team and not the anesthesiologists behind the curtain. However, whenever an opportunity arose where I could assist the anesthesiologists, I would happily introduce myself and volunteer and I’d be

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a disease process that requires specific, intensive care to increase the odds of patient survival. Due to the rapid and significant decline in a patient’s ability to maintain their respiratory status, ventilation techniques in treating acute respiratory distress syndrome are specific and unique. Multiple techniques have been studied extensively and a few stand above the rest in changing the mortality rate. High frequency percussive ventilation and high frequency

affected childrens need mechanical ventilation because of MAS which is severe. It is characterised with pulmonary air leaks and the presence of persistent pulmonary hypertension. MAS is the a common disorder in which neonates are treated with extracorporeal life support. Many management stratagies exists to prevent MAS during parturition, labor, and the first minutes of life. The frequently used treatment is antenatal therapies include amnioinfusion; intrapartum maneuvers include oropharyngeal suctioning

decrease the incident of Ventilator-induced lung injuries (VILI). Another purpose of APRV is that APRV aims to recruit the lung as well as to improve oxygenation. To illustrate, APRV creates continuous sequences of positive airway pressure that would significantly increase the mean airway pressure (Paw) which would lead to Lung recruitment and improve oxygenation. Furthermore, APRV helps to decrease the inflation/deflation process which contributes in avoiding alveolar derecruitment. In a similar way, APRV