Fear conditioning

Most of the people have an irrational fear, for instance, annual dental check up. This fear might be minor, but when fears become severe, they will cause tremendous anxiety and starts to interfere one’s normal life. This is called phobias. Phobia is a persistent irrational fear of a situation, activity, or an object that a person feels compelled to avoid (Gersley, 2001). It is an intense fear or dread of something that poses little or no actual danger in reality (Smith, R.Segal & J.Segal, 2014).

answer to this question is classical conditioning. A stimulus causes a reaction that can be negative or positive. In the case of fears, the reaction has a negative impact. I am scared of heights and have been since I was very young. My brother fell off a latter and broke his arm at age five. This may have caused my fear of heights. Through the years my fear is going away, but it still lingers at the back of my mind. The reason, or unconditioned stimulus, for this fear is the site or thought of heights

from phobias. Phobias are in the same class as post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorders. (Winerman, 2005) Literature Review Phobias involve a sense of endangerment or a fear of harm; just thinking about what you’re scared about can make you fearful. Some symptoms are dizziness, nausea, a sense unreality, a fear of dying and, can even lead to a full scale anxiety attack and symptoms usually happen when the person is scared. (Winerman, 2005) Discussion Supposedly the amygdala is the main

severe event that is similar to the earlier trauma, the rat shows a level of fear that would be more appropriate to the original traumatic event. This pattern may correspond to the way PTSD patients “relive” their past trauma when they encounter reminders of their previous experience (Rau et al., 2005). The experiments run address the various interpretations of this effect which include generalization and summation or fear, inflation, and altered pain sensitivity. The first experiment has thirty-two

Lord of the Flies: The Fear of the Unknown It is midnight and a wintry breeze flows through your window causing an eerie noise on the shutters that flick parallel with the breeze. At this time, all of us will certainly be contained by fear of the unpredictability of what will happen next, but what is the true meaning of the fear of the unknown? The fear of the unknown occurs in all of us as a deep fear of the uncertainty of what is going to progressively follow afterward or even an object with its

(3) Women are two to three times as likely to have phobias than men. There are three basic kinds of phobias: agoraphobia (fear of situations in which escape may be difficult), social phobia, and specific phobias. The DSM-IV has separated phobic stimuli into four basic categories: animal, situational, blood injury, and nature-environment. (3) Though the experience of phobias

also lowers fear in an individual who has an ongoing fear of spiders in their everyday life. Studies over the past years have found that retrieving previously consolidated memories may signal a process known as reconsolidation (restabilization due to proteins). In the lab setting, a process known as Pavlovian fear conditioning can be used to train the mind to fear a stimulus. This conditioned fear can then easily be used to test the neurobiology of associative fear learning and memory. Fear conditioning

described as “on the whole stolid and unemotional” and showed no fear to any other the stimuli. What did startle him and cause him to be afraid was if a hammer was struck again a bar behind his head. This is what would cause him to burst into tears. Albert developed phobias of objects that shared some of the same characteristics of the rat, and this process is known as generalization. This study shows that classical conditioning can cause phobias. 2. Describe what this study demonstrated about

married woman. She is an elder sister to two of her younger brothers. Both of Debra’s parents loved and cared for all children although Debra’s mother was rather an anxious and somewhat depressed person and also suffers from specific phobias, like the fear of spiders and snakes. Debra’s father is not one to show affection very often as he demands for good performance, in both academic and social areas, and a lack of performance usually meant some form of direct punishment as well as emotional distance

Social Anxiety and the Developing Brain: Coping Strategies and Identifying Anxiety Anxiety is a disorder in which an individual suffers from the inability to see past their immediate moment, without the fear of the unknown waiting for them. Scientifically speaking, anxiety is brought upon an individual by a chemical imbalance, which is explained by a neural pathway being blocked or disrupted, causing “emotional pain and irrational conclusions” (Richards, 2016). The broad term of anxiety cannot