Filters

Discussion: The aim of the experiment was to be using filtration techniques to help craft a makeshift water filter. The hypothesis for the experiment was that the dirty water containing dirt, rocks, trash and chemicals would all be separated by three fine screens, activated charcoal, sand, and tissue. This would keep out the unwanted materials and eventually filter into purified water. The makeshift filter was crafted with a soda bottle, funnel, fine screen, activated charcoal, sand, containers, paper towels

various types of noises. It may cause due to some disturbances or may be impulse noise. To suppress noise and improve the image performances we use image processing schemes. In this paper they uses Kalman filter to remove the impulse noise. The Kalman filter is digital signal processing based filter. It estimates three states past, present and future of a system.[10] To remove noise from video sequences they utilize both temporal and spatial information. In the temporal domain, by collecting neighbouring

The Kalman filter requires an understanding of the processes in the system that shall be observed. Some advantages of this approach are that the method is very robust to measurement noise and does not depend on good initial conditions (after finite time the filter will converge to the correct system state) and by calculating the Kalman-gain and estimating the state-covariance a measure for the confidence in the estimate is available. The downsides of the methods are that they require some data model

processing, the purpose of a filter is to remove unwanted portions of the signal, such as random noise, or to extract useful parts of the signal, such as the constituents lying inside a precise frequency range. Figure 1.1 A block diagram of a basic filter There are two main kinds of filter, analog and digital. An analog filter uses analog electronic routes made up from constituents such as resistors, capacitors and op amps to produce the needed filtering effect. Such filter routes are extensively utilized

3.1 Low Pass Filter A low pass filter is a filter that passes low-frequency signals but attenuates frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency we can say that low pass filter has only single cutoff frequency and one pass band.It is sometimes called a high-cut filter, or treble cut filter when used in audio applications. A low-pass filter is the opposite of a high-pass filter, and a band-pass filter is a combination of a low-pass and a high-pass filter. In low pass filter Inductors block high-frequency

DESIGN OF LOW PASS FIR FILTER THROUGH PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION Abstract: In the common case, the impulse response is finite because there is no feedback in the FIR. A lack of feedback guarantees that the impulse response will be finite. Therefore, the term "finite impulse response" is nearly synonymous with "no feedback". However, if feedback is employed yet the impulse response is finite, the filter still is a FIR. In this paper FIR filter design through particle swarm optimization. Key

CHAPTER # 02 PASSIVE FILTERS 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 FILTERS 2.3 ACTIVE FILTER 2.4 PASSIVE FILTERS 2.5 CLASSIFICATION OF PASSIVE FILTER 2.4 DISADVANTAGES OF PASSIVE FILTER 2.6 CONCLUSION 2.1 INTRODUCTION The increase of electronic equipments has caused the increase in the nonlinear loads and due to these loads power quality is being deteriorated. The supply voltage is distorted due to harmonic currents drawn from the supply by nonlinear loads. Distorted

How damaged Undersink water filter can be replaced? Description: the replacement task of Undersink water filter is pretty hectic but it can be done easily by following easy steps. If you are unable in doing the replacement, then you can hire any expert. Undersink water filter has currently emerged as the most efficient and advanced water filter of the present age. The filtration process of these filters leads to the effective reduction of arsenic, fluoride, nitrate, harness, sediment, cyst, bacteria

programmable DSP devices. This paper presents an efficient implementation of Finite Impulse Response Filter (FIR) using Distributed Arithmetic (DA) architecture based on FPGA with the help of xilinx system generator software. Here, the multipliers in FIR filter are replaced with multiplierless DA based technique to remove high frequency Electrocardiogram(EMG) noise from ECG signal. As digital filters plays very significant role in the analysis of the low frequency components in Electrocardiogram (ECG)

When 2 low-pass filters are cascaded, the roll-off rate becomes ________. a. -60 dB b. -20 dB c. -10 dB d. -40 dB 24. When a low-pass and a high-pass filter are cascaded to form a band-pass filter with a gain of 0 dB at center frequency, the critical frequency of the low-pass filter must be ________. a. equal to the critical frequency of the high-pass filter b. less than the critical frequency of the high-pass filter c. greater than the critical