Flaviviridae

3. BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW 3.1 INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT Aedes albopictus is considered to be the most invasive mosquito species in the world (1, 2) and there is an increased potential for its introduction into mainland Australia given the established populations discovered, since 2005, in the Torres Strait, the region that sandwiches between Papua New Guinea (PNG) and northern Australia (3). The aedine mosquito species have been culpably involved in the transmission cycles of pathogens of

West Nile Virus is a neurologic or neuroinvasive disease that can be spread from one single mosquito bite (Lashley & Durham, 2007). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015) states that about one in every five people that are infected by West Nile Virus will develop a fever with the accompany of other symptoms, and of the people infected less than one percent may develop serious, potentially life threatening, neurological symptoms. “West Nile Virus was first isolated from a woman in the West

Dengue Fever is a well-known arbovirus infection persistently affecting the tropical and subtropical areas sharing similar characteristics of overcrowding, clammy warm climate, poor economic and moving toward industrialization. (1) The incidence of dengue fever is escalating each year mostly in Southeast Asia, America and the Pacific’s adding to the world’s burden of the disease (1,2) Dengue virus is a member of flavivirus genus family that includes also West Nile virus, yellow fever, zika and Japanese

Beasley, David W.C., Barrett, Alan A.T., Tesh, Robert B. (2013). Resurgence of West Nile neurology disease in the United States in 2012: What happened? What needs to be done? Antiviral Research, 99:1-5. This journal talks about the different up-rise of the West Nile Virus during different years. The first introduction of the WNV into the U.S. was in 1999 following a surprise resurgence endemic in 2012. The number of human infections rose dramatically and peaking in 2002-2003. The WNV then declined

Spread of rotavirus infection can be controlled on farms by isolating the affected foals, strict hygiene and disinfecting stalls and equipment. Treatment To control dehydration and electrolyte loss isotonic fluids @ 60 to 80 ml/kg body weight should be administered, according to the hydration status. Paste of astringent bismuth sub salicylate @ 20 mg/Kg body weight, orally for 3 to 4 times in a day should be given. Administration of activated charcoal @ 0.25 to 0.5 g/kg body weight once daily helps

The Impact of West Nile Virus on Humans (or Why We Should Worry) West Nile virus can infect humans, but there are more drastic ways that it affects our lives. The virus normally lives in birds and is transmitted among them and other animals by mosquitoes. There is no other definite method of transmission, and people do not have to worry about contracting the virus through contact with infected humans or animals. Hundreds of species of birds and many mammals, including several endangered species

All these numbers are small in comparison with the deadliest creature in the world. According to World Health Organization, this creature is responsible for killing more than 1 million people every year. It is estimated that this creature kills one child every 30 seconds. The deadly bite of this creature can cause a myriad of diseases. It can cause encephalitis, filariasis, yellow fever, West Nile Virus, Chikungunya virus, Zika virus, malaria, and dengue fever. By now, you should know which deadly

Web. 06 Mar. 2016.) West Nile Virus, or WNV, was first identified in 1937, when a Uganda woman had it. It came to the United States in 1999 in the New York City area. West Nile Virus is a viral disease. The virus is apart of the Flaviviridae virus family. The Flaviviridae virus family is mostly made up of viruses that are transmitted through arthropod bites, such as mosquitos and ticks. WNV is transmitted to people by mosquitos that feed off of infected birds; then bite a human. "The virus can be

brain (S. K. Saxena, 2008) . Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious mosquito borne disease caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) belonging to the family Flaviviridae (Cha et al., 2014). The Japanese encephalitis virus cause significant morbidity and mortality by infecting CNS and spinal cord. Japanese encephalitis virus (Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) is an enveloped virus having 40–50 nm in diameter and it contains single stranded RNA as genome (Vashist, Bhullar, & Vrati, 2011). JE was first reported

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are found around the world that is one group of illness caused by virus of five distinct families: Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Filoviridae, Flaviviridae, and Paramyxoviridae (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). These include the Ebola and Marburg, Lassa fever, and yellow fever virus (U.S National Library of Medicine, 2016). Garrett point out that less than a decade ago, one of the biggest problem in the world was the lack of resources available to combat