Flocculation

process includes coagulation and flocculation (both processes work in tandem). In these

drinking water treatment, coagulation, is to destabilize the particles and allow them the potential to collide and stick together. There are four main mechanisms for coagulation: double layer compression, adsorption and charge neutralization, sweep flocculation, and inter-particle bridging. Primary destabilization process in drinking water industry are charge neutralization (less dosage requirement) and sweep

review defines that Coagulation, ballast Flocculation system has potential application in treating wastewater from recycle based Kraft paper mill. Objectives were set to study the wastewater characteristics of Kraft paper industry. To carry out experiments on bench scale with Jar test.To perform coagulation and ballast flocculation for removal efficiency of suspended solids, color, chemical oxygen demand. To determine optimal dose for coagulant, ballast flocculation for removal efficiency of suspended

particles and to form linkages between colloid particles, thus effectively helping with floc formation and reaching the expected settlement.( Nasir et.al) In this experiments were performed to assess COD, TSS and Colour removal as well as coagulation-flocculation at various pH values. The optimum pH obtained was 6 at a constant alum dose of 200mg/L. At a pH of 6 the optimum percent removal for TSS, COD and Colour reduction were 64.5%, 58%, and 41.5 % respectively. In general, decreasing the pH from

aeration as well as water drawn from reservoirs that is low in dissolved oxygen. Thirdly, the proceeding water treatment step involves coagulation and flocculation. The objective of this step is to produce particles of a size that can be easily removed by settlement and filtration. Coagulation destabilizes the colloidal particles followed by flocculation whereby larger particles are formed from small particles through collisions. Conley and Evers (as cited in Hendricks, 2006, p. 277) described coagulation

Literature Review Introduction Coagulation and flocculation processes are essential in a number of diverse disciplines including biochemistry, rubber manufacturing and in water and wastewater treatment (Bratby, 2006). These processes are typically used in destabilizing, agglomerating and subsequent removal of particles. Coagulation is a physico-chemical process which neutralizes the colloidal particles in water by a chemical called coagulant. The neutralization forces the colloidal particles to join

3. Results and discussion 3.1. Physical characteristics 3.1.1. Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on sludge settleability In static sedimentation tests, a distinct sedimentation interface between the supernatant and sludge was observed for all samples with different irradiation doses, whereas the expected rapid improvement of the irradiated sedimentation rate was not observed (Fig. 1). These trends agreed with the results of Meeroff et al (2004). According to the sedimentation curves, there are two

From a practical point of view, anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) has been commonly used as a soil conditioner to reduce erosion by clay flocculation and binding particles and stabilizing the outer aggregate surfaces. Moreover, PAM is highly resistant to microbial degradation, with a decomposition rate of ∼10% yr-1, which has led to its efficient use as a soil conditioner for long periods. Wu et al. (2012) revealed that PAM showed a minor effect on 14C allocation in plant parts and soil in a short-term

Protein based bioflocculants, Tizazu Mekonnen 1. Mechanismof flocculation Colloidal particles in wastewater suspension normally carry an overall negative charge on their surface that led to electrostatic repulsion. This electrostatic repulsionresult is the stabilization of the suspension as it prohibits the particles to come together and form agglomerate. Flocculants are thus added to change the surface property of such particles and destabilize the suspension so as to facilitate the separation of

suitable due to its low cost of production and decreased risk of bacterial products in metropolitan areas. The treatment process involves the removal of contaminants through a number of stages which include: pre-water treatment, coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. This is called the multiple barrier principle (Water Treatment, 1994). The water treatment begins with the process of screening,