Flocculation

is at the heart of the interaction necessary for the operation to proceed. The general treatment process is comprised of about 6 steps: pre-treatment, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. Each one serves a specific purpose to the overall clarification of the raw water, but coagulation and flocculation are the most broad in the removal of contaminants in the water. These steps will be the focus of this paper. Water treatment is used worldwide in order to create

have substantial effect on the flocculation of bacteria (Sheng et al., 2005). EPS are synthesized intracellularly either throughout growth, late-exponential or stationary stage (Mishra and Jha, 2013). The rate of production

Wastewater Treatment Dr.Marion D Schafer Mahdi Almuhri 11/16/16 Wastewater Treatment Introduction The increase in the number of individuals in the planet has established a boom in technology, and industry, which advances the problems in the economy, and contributes to the degradation of the environment. Evidently, the treatment and collection of the wastewater in urban areas poses a critical problem especially in developing countries. Wastewater is a practice that has been taken on especially

Most people take their water supply for granted and what is needed to ensure they are drinking clean water, that will be healthy for their consumption as well as the environment. Therefore, as a plant manager of a growing urban area, my job is to ensure the community is provided with clean and abundant water. However, local water supply has becoming polluted and water is in short supply, and I am facing a grave issue. Due to residue and substances run off from Industrial waste, road salts, construction

Introduction to Bio-oil production with Algae What is Bio-Oil? 1. Introduction to Bio-Oil and Algae strains Bio-Oil is an organic fuel that contains energy that is made from natural living organisms. They are produced from lipids which are merged with other ingredients which chemically produces Bio-Oil. Fossil fuels are generally easier to harness but it is produces a lot of carbon emission which is greatly detrimental to the health of the environment. Thus, the idea of Bio-fuel is introduced as

Water treatment systems The groundwater source is from GoldCentury gold mine, whereby excess groundwater is pumped out of mine at a maximum volumetric flow rate of 477L/s. It contains contaminants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metal impurities, sulphates, bicarbonates, microorganisms, dissolved minerals and objectionable gases, but focuses on the removal of dissolved inorganic contaminants such as calcium and iron. The most prevalent dissolved minerals which are Calcium and Magnesium

settle to the bottom, be readily filtered from the liquid. It is a way to removes fine K. brevis cells and toxins by binding with them and causing them to clump together. Clay flocculation can be considered as one of the control technologies with a partially successful track record in the marine environment. Clay flocculation has been used to protect aquaculture facilities from red tides in Asia. There are many natural substances can be used as flocculants, such as sand, shells, sediment. For the treatment

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background information Water is an essential resource for life which greatly influences our public and environmental health as well as providing the pedestal for most of our economic activities. Unsustainable use of fresh water resources, population increase, and the trend in industrial revolution have led to environmental degradation especially by the release of partially treated or untreated wastewater into aquatic systems. Thus, the global freshwater resource is at

Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water), but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes, including meeting the requirements of medical, pharmacological, chemical and industrial applications. In general the methods used include physical processes such

Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water), but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes, including meeting the requirements of medical, pharmacological, chemical and industrial applications. In general the methods used include physical processes such