Flora Nwapa

INTRODUCTION The beef industry is an important asset to United States agriculture as a whole. Over a million agricultural entities benefited from the sales of cattle and calves in the year 2000. Gross totals from sales of cattle and calves in 2000 totaled $40.76 billion accounting of 21% of all agricultural receipts making the beef sector the largest single agricultural enterprise. Direct and indirect employment in or related to the production and processing of beef supports over 1.4 million

Clostridium difficile or more commonly called C. difficile or C. diff is a spore producing rod shaped bacterium that can cause infections of which result in a broad spectrum of disease ranging from mild diarrhea and fever to pseudomembranous colitis and life threating inflammation of the colon. C. difficile commonly located in the feces of humans and is spread though spores. Over the last 20 years the prevalence of healthcare-associated C. difficile infection (CDI) has increased to an estimated prevalence

There is an ever-growing awareness of the possible potential for bacterial flora in the gut, also known as microbiota, to influence the gut-brain communication in health and disease. Bacterial flora in your gut may be microscopic but these tiny colonies may play some vital roles in your overall health and well-being. If depression due to a compilation of symptoms, and inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are single handedly influencing these negative symptoms, we need to

The gut microbiome supplies the human host with metabolic capabilities beyond those encoded by its own genome (Khan et al., 2014). Because host metabolism is effectively regulated by the amalgamation of host and microbial genes (Khan et al., 2014), we should expect the gut microbiota to play a fundamental role in the health of its host. A compendium of research evidence demonstrates a compelling link between obesity and gut microbial composition. The connection between obesity and the gut microbiota

Introduction Increasing awareness about the health of humans and companion animals has lead to the introduction of daily probiotic ingestion as a common practice. Probiotics are living organisms that naturally inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of both humans and companion animals. These microorganisms survive the highly acidic environment of the monogastric gastrointestinal tract and can be found living in the feces. Improvement of physical symptoms as well as the levels of microorganisms within

Next, many consumers believe that drinking diet soda is healthier for you than drinking regular soda filled with sugar but studies are starting to show that artificial sweeteners may actually lead to diabetes. Mary Ann Yantis, PhD, RN, a nurse educator for Nursing Education Consultants and Kate Hunter, RD, LD (2010), a clinical dietitian at Adventist Medical Center reports (2010) that drinking more than one serving of diet soda per day can increase your risk of metabolic syndrome by more than 36%

In total, four experiments were conducted to determine the therapeutic and safety effects of the nutraceutical, turmeric and its active ingredient curcumin on canine and equine. Two studies were conducted on client-owned, moderately arthritic canines, studying the therapeutic and safety effect of curcumin’s anti-inflammatory properties. In Exp. 1, two different dosages, 500 mg, SID of 95% curcumin and 250 mg, BID of 95% liposomal-curcumin, were evaluated in ten moderately arthritic dogs over five

Overall health and well-being can be affected by the bacteria in the gut, and an imbalance in the digestive system can cause changes in the body and manifest as any number of ailments, including abdominal discomfort, irritable bowel syndrome, crohn's disease skin and ulcerative colitis. Gut health and immune system closely linked, and while bacteria are important for digestion, it can also have an effect on hormone levels, stress and metabolism. Both good and bad bacteria are found in the gut, and

coli strains cause gastrointestinal disorders and intoxications due to their virulence genes colonizing the gut (Schierack et al. 2006, Schierack et al. 2009, Herrero-Fresno et al. 2015). Commensal E. coli strains are members of the gastrointestinal flora of most mammals; they support digestion and provide defense against enteric pathogens (Schierack et al. 2006, Schierack et al. 2009, Herrero-Fresno et al. 2015). Importance of gut microbiota to swine health The gut microbiota encompasses trillions

poultry, the prebiotics are able to modulate the immune cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) due to the lactic action that stimulated the innate and adaptive immune activity (Janardhana et al., 2009; Dankowiakowska et al., 2013), It has also been shown that dietary prebiotics supplementation reduced the population of Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in the large intestine and cecum of the chickens (Bogusławska-Tryk et al., 2012). 1.2 Fructooligosaccharide