Freezing point

Finding Molar Mass of an Unknown Compound using Freezing Point Depression Farida Elassar*, Pranav Menon Introduction: Certain species of animals and fish survive the cold by increasing the concentration of solutes in their blood to lower its freezing point. In this experiment, we will be measuring the freezing point depression of the aqueous solutions of an unknown compound to ascertain the unknown’s molar mass and therefore its identity. Method: Firstly, the experimental apparatus was set up by

Chemistry Background Research The topic is Chemistry of Making Ice-Cream: Lowering the Freezing Point of Water. In this experiment the scientist will be researching how to lower the freezing point of water using salt and/or sugar. The Independent Variable in this experiment is the solutes that the scientist uses which are, chemicals that dissolve in liquids. The Dependent Variable is the temperature/freezing points of the substances(°C). A constant is this experiment would be the use of salt and sugar

objectives in this laboratory were to be able to calculate the freezing point depression among three trials of unknowns, be able to correctly measure the freezing points of p-xylene, and to be able to calculate the molar masses of the unknowns by found freezing point depression values. This was done to be able to understand and apply a concept names supercooling. Supercooling is when a liquid is put far under its original freezing point and remains a liquid or gas. This happens when a substance is

adding different substances to water effect the freezing rate? Objectives: The main objective of the experiment was to find the freezing rate of water when different substances were added. The state of changing liquid to solid is called freezing point. Introduction: When temperature decreases, liquid changes into solid called freezing. The temperature at which the solid-liquid change takes place depends on the purity of the substance. Melting and freezing temperature of pure compounds is fixed. While

The freezing point of a substance is when the substance turns from a liquid to a solid. The freezing point of a solvent can be decreased by adding a solute and making a solution, which is a freezing point depression. From knowing the temperature difference between a pure solvent and a mixture, it is possible to find the molar mass of the solute. To begin the experiment, students first obtain a LabQuest with a temperature probe. First, you retrieve about 20gs of t-butyl alcohol and put it in a pre-massed

salt affect the freezing point of water? The water molecules leaving the solid phase will continually decrease as the temperature lowers until it will eventually match the rate at which water molecules can find the solid in the presence of salt. The higher the concentration of salt, the greater the freezing point depression. If I add salt to one of the bottles of water, but not to the other, then the bottle of water that had the salt will take longer to reach its freezing point. Independent Variable—

always two large questions. How does salt affect the freezing point and how does sugar affect the freezing point? These are very broad questions and along the way, other questions will come about considering how far this topic can lead therefore in order to answer them research will have to be involved. Throughout this experiment freezing point of water will be mentioned continuously so what is the freezing point exactly? The freezing point is the transition of when water turns to ice this happens

Introduction: The experiment's goal was to determine the freezing point of a pure solvent and the freezing point depressions of two solutions. The freezing point and the freezing point depressions were determined by graphing the temperature of the pure solvent and two solutions as they cooled and observing when crystals first formed. Experimental Tf for benzophenone and percent error: The experimental freezing point of benzophenone was 45.06oC. With an accepted value of 47.8oC, the percent error

purpose of the Freezing Point Lab was to measure freezing points for various solute-solvent solutions in order to understand the effects of colligative properties. This process was done by comparing the freezing point of various solutions. The measured freezing point temperature for pure p-xylene was gathered in order to have a reference in terms of freezing point for future solutions. This value was then used in order to calculate K_f for p-xylene, also known as the freezing point depression constant

Observe • To conduct an experiment in order to calculate and compute how a particular solute affects the overall freezing point of a solvent. • To calculate and determine the molecular weight of a specific solute (unknown) that is utilized within the experiment. Procedure 1. Freezing Point of Cyclohexane (Solvent) • Prepare an ice/water bath by obtaining a 400-mL and 600-mL beaker while, following Figure 14.4. • Obtain a ring stand and a thermometer. Secure the thermometer to the ring stand (consider