Functional groups

principal element. • Carbon is special because it has 4 bonds. Functional Groups • Organic substances are organized into organic families. • Organic Families – group of organic compounds with common structural features. o Each family has a recognizable physical property and a specific structural arrangement. o Each combination is referred to as a functional group. o Even though many functional groups exist, they essentially consist of only 3 main components. ▪ Carbon-

technology kept changing and became more advanced companies realized that having “multi-tasking employees” was not enough to satisfy the market demands and the production problems they were having at that moment. In other to solve these problems, group of employees were assigned different tasks, and without probably knowing, they started to form what we know today “teams”. Nowadays, big and small companies tend to believe

Emma Salvo Honors Chemistry October 18, 2017 Rough Draft: The Chemistry of Cancer Introduction According to the National Institutes of Health, in 2016 more than 595,000 people died from cancer, and the US is projected to spend more than $150 billion in the treatment of cancer by 2020 (“Cancer Statistics”). Many of us know a friend or loved one who was killed by a form of cancer, and we may know someone fighting the disease right at this very moment. For this project, I wanted to look at the chemical

RESULTS Yield: Assuming a reaction that uses up 100% of the cyclohexanone reagent, the theoretical yield is 2.32g. This could be calculated using the following calculation. The 1:1 ratio of moles cyclohexanone to moles bisphenol Z comes from the mole ratio in the reaction scheme. 1.00g cyclohexanone×(1 mol cyclohexanone)/(98.15g cyclohexanone)×(1 mol bisphenol Z)/(1 mol cyclohexanone)×(228.29g cyclohexanone)/(1 mol cyclohexanone)=2.32g bisphenol Z The actual reaction yielded 0.72g of pure bisphenol

halide to form the Grignard reagent, the alcohol is deprotenated. Grignard reagents also cannot be synthesized from molecules with a carbonyl group. Solvent choice is important in Grignard reagent formation. The solvent must be non-reactive with a negatively charged carbon (ex. acetone or anything even slightly acidic), and the solvent cannot have a carbonyl group. The solvent must be a volatile solvent that provides a blanket of solvent over the reaction solution so that oxygen and moisture in the air

yield is larger than theoretical yield. This indicates an error in how the result was produced, this could have been caused by a number of different factors. The first possible reason for this error could be a result of the drying process of the amino group. The product was left out for several minutes, however despite this the product was still wet after the drying process over should have been complete, thus increasing the mass of our product and therefor increasing the percent yield. Another possible

RESULTS Habitat assessment Groundcover and canopy cover were assessed in spring in conjunction with trapping. Ground cover mean results (figure 1) show that bare ground cover was greatest in Linton and Enfield high severity sites (61.4 and 52.1 % respectively) and least in the control sites (Enfield 0 % and Linton 0.71 %). Fine litter cover was greatest in the control sites (72.5 % and 62.5 % in Linton and Enfield respectively) and lowest in the high severity sites (20.1 % and16.4 %). Coarse litter

biocompatibility. Chitosan, a copolymer of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine, and is among the most abundant biopolymers on earth and has been used in a wide range of biomedical applications. Chitosan a polycationic polymer comprise of different functional groups that can be modified with a wide range of ligands. The unique physicochemical properties offer chitosan great potential in a range of biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery vehicles, and enzyme immobilization for biosensing

very stable due to the delocalized pi- electrons. This stability of benzene rings means that no many reactions can occur with some aromatic substances. There are a few substitution reactions in an aromatic substances replaces a hydrogen within a functional group(s). Aromatic substation occurs when an electrophile replaces a hydrogen on a benzene ring. In aromatic substation, the aromatic ring attacks an electrophilic molecule. This causes the double bond between two carbons to break, leaving one

For the production of Benzil, the Benzoin used must be dry. This reaction entailed the conversion of an alcohol group to a ketone group. Nitric acid, a mild oxidizing agent was used as it does not split the molecule, and keeps the C-C bond intact. Nitric acid attracts the hydrogen from the oxygen atom, thereby creating a lone pair that eventually develops into a double bond