Functional groups

Discussion: While hydrogen is not normally observed as a functional group, however, one exception involves free radical substitution through halogenation. This mechanism essentially function by first initiation step in which the halogenated molecule splits into two halogenated radicals which is followed by the formation of a hydrocarbon radical. The next step of the radical mechanism, propagation, involves the hydrocarbon molecule reaction with a halogenated molecule, thus producing a hydrocarbon

5. Bioorthogonal Click reactions Click chemistry has wide applications in biotechnology and chemical biology. For use of such reactions in the above disciplines of science, such click reactions need to be bioorthogonal. A bioorthogonal reaction is one which takes place without interfering with native biochemical processes. These type of reactions take place without interfering with components of the living system. The term bioorthogonal chemistry was coined by scientist Carolyn Bertozzi in 2003 (Wikipedia)

Introduction Alkanols (Alcohols) are a homologous series in the hydroxyl functional group, meaning that they have an -OH. Carbon to carbon bonds within alkanol chains means that the boiling point of alkanols increases as the chain grows longer, this is because more energy is required to break the bonds between the carbon atoms. However, alkanols also experience hydrogen bonding meaning that not only are high amounts of energy needed to break the intramolecular bonds additional energy is needed

perform many other functions. They're messengers molecules because these reactions warn the body that something is wrong. Aspirin works so to block the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting the prostaglandin synthase enzyme (which belongs to a group of cyclooxygenase, abbreviated COX), [9,10]. From

1.2.2.2 Organic flame retardants Organohalogens compounds are one of the major classes of flame retardants, which means a class of organic compounds. They are the most common method for using flame retardants in polymer materials. Most of these compounds act on the gas phase. The halogen flame retardants disrupt the gas phase reactions by reducing the temperature of the fire. Generally, halogenated compounds are widely used such as in industrial chemicals, as additive with epoxy resins to obtain

Thalidomide is a drug, which has the molecular formula of C13H10N2O4, it is made up of a pair of optical isomers. Optical isomers are two or more forms of a compound that have the same structure but are mirror images of each other. They have identical physical and chemical properties. They differ in how they react with different chiral molecules (a carbon attached to four different types of atoms. The isomers are extremely difficult to separate. Thalidomide was first synthesized by reaction of N-phthaloyl-glutamic

The Diel-Alder/Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Cascade Reaction Introduction The Diels-Alder reaction was discovered and named after the Nobel Prize winning scientists Kurt Alder and Otto Diels in 1928. Such a reaction occurs when a diene with two adjacent double bonds is mixed with a dienophile consisting of a double bond in order to create a cyclohexene. The diene must be in the s-cis conformation in order for the electron transfer to engage correctly. If the diene in question is in s-trans conformation

Statistics show that alcohol make a big impact to the world and everybody in it. According to Wikipedia, “It is an an organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound to a carbon atom” (Alcohol). Based on the people around the world, alcohol is an enjoyment for them to relax, to forget peer pressure and also is used as an excuse for people to hang out and get drunk. And it is also one of the reason lead to accidents and crime ,which happens almost everyday and kill many people

Glass ionomer cement[GIC], invented by Wilson and Kent, has been used as a dental restorative material for more than four decades and its properties are constantly improved to overcome its shortcomings. The unique properties of GIC include direct adhesion to tooth and base metals [1], anticariogenic properties [2], thermal compatibility with tooth enamel and dentin, minimized microleakage at the tooth–enamel interface, biological compatibility, and minimal cytotoxicity. The disadvantages of GIC such

Alkynes are a functional group that display antibacterial properties as well as antiparasitic and antifungal characteristics1. Due to the presence of the carbon triple bonded carbon that is present in all alkynes, alkyne compounds are crucial in commercial synthesis of compounds