Gingiva

3.1 Subtitle: Introduction • Gingival enlargement is the overgrowth of gingiva characterized by an expansion and accumulation of the connective tissue with occasional presence of increased number of cells. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is known as an adverse effect with three types of drug:  Phenytoin, an antiepileptic;  Cyclosporine A, an immunosuppressant; and  Calcium channel blockers, such as dihydropyridines (nifedipine), diltiazem, and verapamil, which are widely prescribed for

Examination of the Dorsum of the Tongue The examiner can hold the tongue with a sterile gauze and examine the dorsum of the tongue when the tongue is protruded. • Large 8 to 10 circumvallate papillae separate the anterior two-thirds of the tongue from its posterior one-third. • Large lymphoid masses are located behind the circumvallate papillae. These are the lingual tonsils. • Many filiform papillae and a few fungiform papillae are located on the anterior two-thirds of the dorsum of the tongue

and consists of the following components: (1) the masticatory mucosa, which lines the gingiva and the hard palate; (2) the specialized mucosa covering the dorsum of the tongue; and (3) the lining mucosa which covers the reminder of the oral cavity [201, 202]. The gingiva is considered an adaptation of the oral masticatory mucosa covering the alveolar bone and surrounding the cervical portions of teeth. The gingiva protects the roots of teeth, and underlying alveolar bone from mechanical trauma and

Abstract Dentistry is defined as the science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the teeth, gums, and related structures of the mouth including the repair or replacement of defective tissue. (American Dental Association). What people do not know is how virtually every disease that one acquires or develops can be identified primarily in the mouth first. Dentist and Dental Hygienist are educated to be able to recognize what are variants of normal and what are not

Periodontal diseases is a group of multifactorial biofilm-initiated oral diseases with common characteristic signs and symptoms including inflammation and progressive destruction of the periodontal apparatus of the teeth, namely the gingiva, cementum, periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone (Berezow & Darveau, 2011; Genco & Borgnakke, 2013; Jayaraman, Shendre, Gattani, & Rajput, 2013; Krayer, Leite, & Kirkwood, 2010; Wolf & Lamster, 2011). Broadly divided into gingivitis and periodontitis, The 1999

needs of that specific patient. The link between excessive bleeding and aspirin is diagnosed due to the medical history of the patient and the side effect associated with aspirin. The diagnosis of gingival overgrowth is due to the observation of the gingiva and the link between gingival overgrowth and a medication such as phenytoin. A patient experiencing a lack of saliva flow from the parotid gland can imply that the patient has xerostomia due to the medication albuterol listed on their medical

Abstract Periodontal disease is an exaggerated immune response to dental bacterial plaque biofilms. It is broken down into the two categories of gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis affects the gingiva and is marked by a red, swollen, inflamed appearance. Periodontitis affects the entire periodontium and is marked by clinical attachment loss. Autoimmune disorders are caused by a faulty immune system that targets the body’s own cells and attacks the host’s organs causing tissue destruction

Orofacial pain can affect people in a variety of ways; from minimal pain in which the person can function normally throughout the day, to severe pain in which they need medical assistance. Dental pain is the number one cause of orofacial pain, but in some instances, is not always the source of the pain. The typical ‘misdiagnosis’ happens when a patient complains of tooth pain, a root canal is performed, and the patient still has pain. The pain itself may actually be originating from a number of

Introduction Periodontitis is a gum disease that causes inflammation of the tissues that surround and anchor the teeth to the bone. This inflammatory process is caused by plaque, a biofilm of bacteria, that originate at the gingiva and extends into the connective tissue, alveolar bone and the outer surface of the roots of the teeth. According to American Academy of Periodontology, there are several types of periodontal disease which are identified based on the severity of the disease and the amount

that arise in the crevice between the gum and the tooth or the gum sulcus. The disease is normally categorized into two groups, it has several different phases and progresses. The first group is called gingivitis which is an inflammation of the gingiva or