Glioma

Introduction Glioma is a tumor that is a type of brain cancer. Glioma tumors are made up by cells called glial cells. Glial cells normally provide nutrition, oxygen, and structural support to the brain. Three types of glial cells can produce tumors. Gliomas are named after the type of glial cell that is involved in the tumor. A tumor is formed when the glial cells grow into an abnormal mass of tissue. Gliomas are one of the most common types of brain tumors that occur in adults. The most common types

Differentiation between glioma grading has been one of the most challenging areas to the neuroradiologist. According to the WHO the glioma divides in to four grades depends on the biologoical behavior and degree of malignancy. The histopathology considered the main important diagnostic tool for Glioma grading and classification; however it has some restriction due to the heterogeneity nature of the tumor and the limitation to obtain the entire tumor. One of the important markers of tumor grade and

occurring because of autophagy‐deficiency. EGFR: The most common genetic mutations / alterations seen in gliomas are the amplification of EGFR, expression of EGFR VIII mutant and homozygous / hemizygous deletion of PTEN and NF-1. The aberrant signals that result from these mutations interact with the PI3KAkt- mTOR pathway and are responsible for promoting survival and chemoresistance in gliomas. Therefore targeting the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) with either monoclonal antibodies or small molecule

limited. However, the carbohydrate restriction (CR) and the ketogenic diet have been gaining popularity by both doctors and patients. B. Studies reveal that when brain tumor cells have access to glucose and glutamine, the disease will progress because gliomas cells depend on glucose for growth and

Statement of the Problem Astrocytoma are tumors that arise in the astrocytes of the brain. This specific tumor type can lead to effects such as headaches, seizures, memory loss, and changes in behavior when left untreated (“Astrocytoma”, 2014). Astrocytoma are graded in severity on a scale from I to IV based on the normality of the cells, with I being the least severe and IV being life threatening (“Astrocytoma”, 2014). For low grade astrocytoma, it is unclear as to which form of primary treatment

Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor, and glioblastoma accounts for 82% of cases of malignant glioma. Glioblastomas arise from glial precursor cells and are characterized histologically by considerable cellularity, mitotic activity, vascular proliferation, and necrosis. They are highly invasive, infiltrating surrounding brain tissues, yet they are typically confined to the central nervous system and do not metastasize.1 From a molecular standpoint, malignant

(19). The current antisense technologies provide an attractive alternative but usually can only inhibit the expression of gene transiently and partially. The key features of glioma are growth and opposing cell apoptosis. Interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) are likely to play an important role in regulation of glioma cell growth (20). Cyr61, a cysteine-rich, heparinbinding, protein that is secreted and associated with the cell surface and ECM (21). It has been proposed that Cyr61 proteins

Gliomas are broad category of brain tumors arising from glial cells. They are the most common primary malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system. They are classified into low-grade (WHO grades I and II) and high-grade (WHO grade III and IV) tumors. Almost 80% of gliomas are astrocytic tumors including Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Diagnosis of glioma includes a CT scan/MRI scan and biopsy. These tumors are highly resistant to current treatment modalities including surgery, radiation therapy

James is diagnosed with a glioma. A glioma is a tumour which originates from the glial cells of the brain (Cancer Research UK, 2015). According to the Cancer Council Australia (2011), there are two main types of gliomas: astrocytoma’s and oligodendrogliomas, which are primary malignant brain tumours; also seen in Cancer Research UK. Risk factors, demographic and prevalence will be discussed. Risk factors are aspects which can cause glioma’s. Astrocytoma’s and oligodendroglioma’s are caused through

Gliomas are the most common brain tumors, with astrocytoma representing more than 75% of them (CBTRUS, 2011). In Egypt, gliomas account for about one-third of primary central nervous system tumors (Zalata et al., 2011). Histological grading is useful for predicting the biological behavior of a neoplasm, and it is a key factor influencing the choice of therapies, particularly for determining the type of adjuvant radiation and specific chemotherapy protocols. Astrocytoma is classified by the WHO into