Gram-negative bacteria

Ceftazidime is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections, particularly Pseudomonas and other Gram negatives, and its activity relies on binding of essential penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) (1). Despite its effectiveness against certain bacteria, there have been reports of rapidly increasing incidences of antibacterial resistance to ceftazidime caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (2). Recently, a new beta-lactam/beta-lactamase

in Tampa Bay Florida they found coliform bacteria, and E. Coli that caused diarrhea in many of the washing machines. (Rostein). From further investigation they discovered that 60% of the washing machine had coliform bacteria and 10% had E. Coli in it. (Rostein). “Researchers found that 40 percent of sterile cloths washed in non-bleach laundry contained fecal bacteria. In fact, there was enough left over to contaminate the next wash load” (Rostein) Bacteria such as Salmonella, and viruses including

In one of our research we found out that last October 2005 the FDA’s Non-Prescription Drug Advisory Committee was tasked to discuss and investigate the benefits as well as the possible risks relating to the antibacterial products. The FDA’s discussion commence in a request for further research regarding specific antibacterial product being sold in the market. The debate regarding different antiseptic products has focused mainly on the antibacterial bath soap in which most of these products contain

Carbapenems are Beta lactam antibiotics used as a last resort in medical treatment against several bacterial infections as they possess the broadest spectrum of activity against various gram positive, gram negative and aerobic bacteria (Papp-Wallace et al. 2011). Originally developed from the carbapenem thienamycin which demonstrated the utmost antimicrobial activity, Carbapenems consist of six antibiotics: Doripenem, panipenem, biapenem, imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem all currently present in

Abstract: In this experiment, each student was randomly assigned with a different species of gram- negative bacteria. The organism that I was assigned was Unknown #16. The identity of the gram-negative bacteria was determined to be Escherichia coli. The purpose of this report is to describe the various tests that helped develop a better understanding of the unknown microorganism in terms of the physiology, morphology, motility, and antimicrobic sensitivity it is characterized with. Indole production

future. The ubiquitous characteristic of microorganisms means that they develop relationships with their environment and can result in synergistic, commensalistic, mutualistic, or parasitic interactions with another organism (1) . To many, the word bacteria and virus automatically translate to disease or pathogen. While this is not false, microorganisms play a beneficial role to many animals and humans- in fact, we need them to live. A medical journal points to some of these benefits stating, “ Both

Inadequate and under utilization of food nutrients needed by human for normal body functions has resulted in malnutrition and outbreak of diseases. Fifty samples of cow-skin (ponmo) comprising forty processed and ten unprocessed were sourced from Ogbese Market, Ondo State, Nigeria. The microbial analyses were carried out using serial dilution and pour plate methods. Zero point one millilitre (0.1ml) of the diluents were aseptically plated on molten nutrient agar and incubated. Pure cultures were

water contamination can harm multiple communities and living mammals (World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP), 2015. As we also learned in lab, the U.S. federal regulations require a total absence of any coliform bacteria in 100 mL of tested water

eventually selecting for new variants of β-lactamase. One of the new classes of antibiotics introduced was the oximino-cephalosporins which owing to their excellent activity became widely used for the treatment of serious infections due to gram negative bacteria in the 1980s. Not surprisingly, resistance due to production of β-lactamases against this expanded spectrum β-lactam antibiotics soon emerged. These β-lactamases were named as extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) because of their increased

Endotoxin Endotoxin are bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and is formed especially by lipids and sugars. It is present in the outer cell envelope of gram-negative bacterias and its purpose are to maintain the cell membrane intact. The endotoxin is the principal component of the bacterial membrane. (Raetz, 2002) LPS has a structure based on three main components: Lipid A, that is the hydrophobic part, an R-polysaccharide and an O-polysaccharide (or O-antigen). Consequently, it has both hydrophilic