Gram-positive bacteria

disadvantage since it does not magnify the internal structures of the specimen. It can magnify up to 10,000x with a resolution about 20nm. The resulting image is in 3D and can be enhance with color. 4. Gram staining-it is a technique used to differentiate between Gram-positive cells, which stain purple, and Gram-negative cells, which stain pink. The physical and chemical structures of these cells are different, allowing them to be identified by the used of different dyes. The first step is to color all

UNKNOWN 65 Identifying bacteria is beneficial for several reasons. In the food industry, the discovery of bacteria and other microorganisms helped develop processes to prevent food spoilage, such as pasteurization, and bacteria is used to make certain foods, such as cheese, butter, vinegar, and alcohol (1). The discovery of bacteria that break down waste products is beneficial to the waste treatment industry, and the discovery of nitrifying, ammonifying, and nitrogen-fixating bacteria are important for

is the bacteria Gram-positive or Gram-negative, does it need water or is it anaerobic, can the antibiotic be used for more than one bacteria, and does the bacteria need to be killed or slowed down (49-50). To determine if the bacteria is Gram-negative or –positive, scientists will use “Gram-staining” which stains Gram-positive bacteria because they possess small holes, or entrances into the bacteria, therefore allowing the “crystal violet stain” through the cell wall; Gram-negative bacteria possess

and its super bacteria form of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas. I used books, websites, and scholarly projects to understand the topic at a molecular level. After researching penicillin, Staphylococcus aureas, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas, I found that both the drug and the bacteria use enzymes as their defense and attack mechanism. Penicillin uses a ß-lactam ring as a substrate to clog the active site of transpeptidase, and in defense, the bacteria uses ß-lactamase

ability to kill or hinder the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics contain compounds that are naturally produced by organisms to combat diseases caused by microbes. Discovery of penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming became the first stepping stone of many new antibiotics of today’s modern medicine. Antibiotics typically invade the very components that make up bacteria, such as cell walls and metabolic pathways (Sato et al., 2014). However, frequent mutations of bacteria cause today’s strains to become more

bacterium encompasses beneficial traits as a cell factory, such as non-endospore forming, non-endotoxin containing, and minimum extracellular protein producing [Wachi, 2013]. Improvement in genome and fermentation technologies allow utilization of this bacteria to synthesize amino acids in industrial scale. Accordingly, C. glutamicum is considered as one of the most accommodating bacterial species for white biotechnology. Corynebacterium belongs to the mycolic acid containing actinomycetes, also known as

two bacteria species. The mutagen o be used will be dilute detergent paste. Introduction Bacteria constitute a large domain of the prokaryotic microorganisms. They come in different sizes and shapes and occupy varying niches in our biosphere. Some bacteria are very beneficial while others are pathogenic in nature. Pathogenic bacteria can pose danger to the human species as they are disease causing, and it is therefore imperative that people take caution to prevent contact with such bacteria and

that was obtained from one of your patients, patient #17. Upon culturing the specimen and conducting the gram staining procedure, I was able to determine the microorganism is a Gram-negative rod shaped organism. The culture plate showed no evidence of hemolysis. Once I determined its bacterial classification, I then proceeded to order additional laboratory tests specifically used for Gram-negative organisms. The tests included: 1. Oxidization/Fermentation Glucose Test 2. Citrate Utilization of

Green Agar, the color of the media should stay the same. The colony should be pink, and it should be gram negative. In the Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, the color of the media should stay the same. There should be no growth in the colony, and it should be gram negative. In the Hektoen Enteric Agar, the color of the media should be dark blue. There should be no growth in the colony, and it should be gram negative. In the MacConkey Agar, the color of the media should stay the same. There should be no growth

that the newly discovered system was mobile. In addition to these intriguing discoveries, multiple genes were found to be tied to the repeats. With their interest peaked, researchers combed through the genetic material of several hundred types of bacteria searching for the sequences of foreign DNA. Their findings affirmed their theory, and that chapter of the CRISPR research project seemed to be coming to an end. Once the basic function of this system was mostly understood, researchers felt the need