Gratz v. Bollinger

Constitutional Rights In 2003, the United States Supreme Court will hear two affirmative action cases. Each is dealing with the actions of the admissions office of the University of Michigan. The cases, Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger, have been called "this generation's Brown v. Board of Education." (Montoya.) These cases have much hanging in their mists, "The outcome of … affirmative action cases will determine whether our society moves forward towards greater equality or backwards

CASE: Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1, et al. 551 US 701 (2007) COURT: Argued in the Supreme Court of the United States on December 4, 2006, and decided on June 28, 2007. PLAINTIFF: Parents Involved in Community Schools DEFENDANT: Seattle School District No. 1 et al. BACKGROUND FACTS: In the Seattle School District, students were allowed to apply to any high school in the District. Certain schools required a “tiebreaker” system to allocate slots because they

racial discrimination" (United Press International). In 1978, the Court ruling in Regents of University of California v. Bakke defined the concept of 'reverse discrimination' by holding that slots for medical school admissions could not be set aside for minorities, because it could result in admitting less qualified candidates based on racial quotas. In 2003, in Gratz v. Bollinger, the Court defined the concept of 'individualized consideration' when it declared that an undergraduate affirmative action

America has the nickname of “The Melting Pot,” but melting implies no boundaries. In the U.S., many boundaries between different ethnicities, religions, and minorities still exist. The concept of affirmative action is to act as a blender, creating equality for all people. Affirmative action is encouraged in many different business sectors by the government. Some examples include the Department of Defense strives to award five percent of contracts to minority businesses and institutions, federal home

depending on who is asked. In a poll done by Pew Research in 2009, it was found that 59% of African Americans, 53% of Hispanics, and 22% of whites agree that minorities should get preferential treatment (Stewart). Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) called into question the application of the 14th amendment in rejecting Allan Bakke admission to the University of California Medical School at Davis. Allan Bakke was a 35 year old white man who was denied

2007), and in many instances, the U.S. Supreme Court has played a crucial role in determining the extent to which it can achieve its original goals (Zamani & Brown, 2003). One of the earliest cases to challenge the use of affirmative action was DeFunis v. Odegaard (1973), of which the court found the University of Washington Law School’s use of race in admissions to be unconstitutional (Platt, 2007; Zamani & Brown, 2003). The law school was accused of having separate admissions procedures for students

is needed to promote diversity, improve students’ critical thinking skills, and increase race-consciousness by utilizing race as a factor in college admissions. University of California Regents v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265, 98 S. Ct. 2733, 57 L. Ed. 2d 750 (1978). The Reagents of the University of California v. Bakke is a US Supreme Court case from 1978 that upheld the use of affirmative action and allowed education institutions to use race a factor in their admissions policy. However, the US Supreme Court

This is when Plessy v. Ferguson where the Supreme Court ruled that the 14th Amendment did not prohibit separate but equal facilities in America. This ruling paved the way for states to establish segregation policies that were followed for decades. Then in 1954, the Supreme Court overturned Plessy by way of Brown v. Board of Education. This decision marked the end of Jim Crow and the beginning of the policies aimed at

certainly not the case. The problem with diversity in colleges is that more qualified applicants are being denied in order to reach the diversity standard that that college may have. A perfect example of this is the Regents of the University of California v. Bakke in 1978. “The Bakke case involved a white male, Allan Bakke, who was twice denied admission to the medical school at the University of California, Davis. In an effort to promote affirmative action, the school’s policy was to reserve a set number

The Three Branches of Government In 1787 the leaders of the united states gathered to write the constitution which they also divided into three branches to ensure a central government in which no group or individual gains too much control. The three branches consists on the following Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. Legislative branch rejects or confirms presidential appointments, and also has the authority to declare war. The