Helicoverpa armigera

Impacts on insect bio-ecology Phonological asynchrony The major impact of elevated temperature is the associated advancement in the phenology of life history events for many plant and animal species which ultimately results in disruption of synchrony between the interacting pairs. Especially the specialists are more affected than generalist species. For example the spatial mismatch between the monophagous insect Boloria titania (Esper) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and its larval host Polygonum bistortad

For thousands of years, humans have transformed their surroundings and neighboring organisms to suit their needs. The transformation first took place when humans spread seeds onto the earth to grow their own food, and continued when humans reached out to provide food and shelter to other animals in exchange for labor, companionship and sustenance. When early agriculture proved successful, the best and strongest animals and crops were chosen for the next generation. This was the dawn of genetic

Although the production of insecticidal baculoviruses in insect cell cultures has been proposed as an alternative to overcome the limitations of the in vivo processes, so far no in vitro process could be even implemented on an industrial scale in India, and baculovirus occlusion bodies are still produced in infected insect larvae. Some factors that 25 years ago have hindered the development of large-scale production processes for baculoviruses in insect cell cultures, such as the sensitivity of insect

Introduction : The use of genetic engineering techniques in agriculture and food production is seen as an exciting and valuable development by many people who welcome the improvements in production efficiency that they offer to farmers and the enhanced nutritional value that is envisioned to benefit consumers. Others, however, are objecting strongly, raising environmental, food safety, and ethical concerns. A majority of people in Western Europe, Japan and Australia, for example, want at least