Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor

ruled one of the world’s largest empires. He became king in the Golden Age. The Spanish Golden Age was a period of flourishment in the arts and in literature. Philip II was born in Valladolid, Spain on May 21, 1527, and the only son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. By the time Philip died he had a total of four wives. Mysteriously, they all died during or after childbirth. His first wife

During the early sixteenth century, divorcing a queen was quite unheard of. Robert Lacey states that Wolsey himself pleaded with the King to avoid such action, nevertheless Henry was insistent. The reigning laws of the Catholic Church prohibited divorce unless the couple were granted a special release from the Pope. As one of the biggest authorities of England in both the church and government, Wolsey gathered a secret papal court in May 1527 in order to judge the kings case. After assembling twice

King Henry VIII and his many marriages played a major role in the political and religious state of England from 1509 to 1547. He is credited with causing English Reformation, or the series of events which led to the Church of England separating from the Roman Catholic church, because of his personal agenda and selfish motives. The English Reformation set off a chain of events that led to the Protestant Reformation; although, religious philosopher Richard Hooker played a far more instrumental role

Martin Luther (Nov. 10, 1483- Feb. 18, 1546) was ambitious, stubborn, and strongly opinionated. He isn’t just known as one of the most influential individuals in Christian History, but also as the individual that started the Protestant Reformation in 1517 by publishing his 95 Theses, criticizing the Church’s corruption and establishing two beliefs: 1) the bible was “the central religious authority” and 2) people may “reach salvation only by their faith and not by their deeds.” With these beliefs

extraordinary case of how a new church was created. Henry VIII excepted the idea of establishing this church so he could solve his biggest problem at that time. That was marriage with Catherine of Aragon. But such an establishment was not so easy. Some acts were needed, Rome had to be solved too not talking about consequences and impact on ordinary people. So to begin with I introduce Henry VIII, his reign and his wife, Catherine of Aragon. Henry VIII was a son of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. He is said to

population estimates of communities, are much lower: Henry Kamen estimates that, of a population of approximately 80,000 Jews and 200,000 conversos, about 40,000 chose emigration.(1) (2) During the reign of Henry III of Castile

Charles VIII of France invaded Italy, and in 1495 conquered Naples. When challenged by Spain, the Roman Emperor, the pope, Venice, and Milan, France was forced to retreat. Charles’ VIII successor, Louis XII had control over Milan and Genoa in 1499. The second Italian War occurred when Louis then gained control of Naples by getting permission from Pope Alexander VI, and agreeing to share it with Ferdinand V of Spain. This resulted in disagreements between France and Spain

could be excommunicated. The pope punished Philip Augustus in this way for the sin of adultery. Boleslaus of Poland and Henry II of England were disciplined for the murders of St. Stanislaus and St. Thomas A. Becket. The pope could release a ruler’s subjects from their oath of allegiance, and could even dispose the king. Pope Gregory VII did this in the case of Henry IV in 1080. Innocent IV did it against Frederick II in 1245. The Council of Lyons in 1274 laid down definite rules about the

historical circumstances in which they were composed. The Edict of Milan in 313 was declared by Emperor Constantine and Licinius. This declaration called for toleration of Christianity throughout the Roman Empire and freedom of worship to all Rome’s citizens.  It was issued shortly after the end of Christian persecution under the reign of Emperor Diocletian. Previous to the declaration of this edict, Emperor Constantine decided to march on Italy. Before advancing, Constantine saw a vision of a symbol

and the Roman Catholic Church. It all began with King Henry VIII marriage with Catherine of Aragon. After years of marriage Catherine had not produced a male heir who survived into adulthood angering the King. With this in mind King Henry will set his eyes own Anne Boleyn who was a maid of honor to Queen Catherine. By the late 1520s, Henry wanted his marriage to Catherine annulled, claiming it to be invalid due to the fact that Catherine was his late brothers wife making it wrong for Henry VIII to