Hexapoda

The subphylum Hexapoda, known for a common body structure consisting of the famous three pairs of legs, abdomen, thorax and head, is divided into two taxonomic groups: the Entognatha and the Ectognatha (Sasaki et al., 2013). Within the Entognatha are the orders Diplura, Collembola, and Protura (Sasaki et al., 2013). These are all wingless orders (Sasaki et al., 2013). The Entognatha are marked by an entognathy, which is seen as their mouthparts being further inside their head, being enclosed by extensions

An example of complete metamorphosis in Protostomes is the Annelida having trochophore larva (Figure 3), “a free-swimming top-shaped larva with two bands of cilia around its middle”. (Solomon et al., 2015) For aquatic annelids like tubeworms, the movement of cilia on its larva creates water current which helps in locomotion and feeding by bringing the food closer. Annelids then develop a tubular body that is segmented (Figure 4). In addition to trochophore larva, Mollusca have a veliger larva in

Virtual Systematics Lab: Introduction to Systematics Worksheet Learning Goal: To learn how biologists classify species based on their evolutionary relationships. Prerequisite Knowledge: Before beginning this lab, you should be familiar with these concepts: why biologists today use the three-domain system of classification how evolutionary trees depict biologists’ understandings about the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms Introduction: Almost every place on Earth, from the surface

Introduction Arthropods are fundamental animals to life on earth. For example, many of these arthropods help plants pollinate. Others can carry diseases from host to host, but their success story is due to how long they have been present on earth. This has led the high diversity within the phylum Arthropoda, with more than ten million different species, making up more than eighty percent of the organisms in kingdom Animalia. This only includes classified species; it is believed millions of other

OUTLINE. Introduction to the Question: -A subclass of pheromones is necromones, which contain oleic acid as a primary component. -Some pheromones trigger aggregation between organisms, others can trigger separation. -Necromones trigger necrophoric (organisms remove their dead) or necrophobic (organisms avoid their dead) behavior. -Arthropods use pheromones, this includes sowbugs and cockroaches. Chemical signals are picked up by antennae. II. Hypothesis: When given a choice between two identical