Ibn Zuhr

Poliovirus is a contagious infection that rampaged through the United States about fifty years ago, with the possibility of leading to lifetime paralysis. In the 1950s, Jonas Salk and his team developed a polio vaccine that prevented the outbreak of polio (“Polio Vaccine”). During his pursuit of the creation of the vaccine, mice, monkeys and rats were used to test the side effects and effectiveness of the new vaccine. Without it, polio would have become a worldwide malady. Animal testing is the procedure

philosophers and doctors would experiment on live animals to learn about anatomy and body systems. The Greek philosopher, Aristotle, performed live animal dissections to form theories about how the body worked (“Should Animals Be Used”). A surgeon named Ibn Zuhr tested surgeries on animals before applying them to human patients (Scutti). More recently, in the early 1900s, there were no laws to ensure that products had to be safe for human use. Laws were passed in 1906 to prevent the misbranding of drugs

Exposed to radiation. Injected with damaging substances. Forced to inhale toxic gases. This is just a couple examples of the pain and suffering animals go through while being experimented on. Experimentation can be defined as a process that performs a scientific procedure that usually takes place in the lab to dictate something. Animal experimentation is unethical because of the many terrible tests conducted, it’s cruel, animals are equivalent to humans, and it’s not necessary. Animal testing

early Greek physicians-scientists Aristotle and Erasistratus were some of the first people to test on animals. Galen a Greek physician conducted animal experiments to advance the understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Ibn Zuhr a physician from the twelfth century tested surgical procedures on animals before performing them on human patients. An estimate of 60 million animals are used worldwide every year for testing, animals are used for three main reasons: to advance

Birds, rats, cats, and mice -- all examples of animals under ten pounds used to represent the sophisticated functions of the human body. Medicine has advanced far beyond it being appropriate for mice and birds to represent human reactions to drugs and medical procedures. While animal testing has been able to advance medical knowledge for the majority of human history, it is now at the point where such tests are inferior to the multitude of alternatives available. In some instances, animal tests may

the areas of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. He is the first to describe the complexities of the cardiopulmonary system, and also speculated on the functions of the brain and spinal cord. An Arab physician of the Twelfth Century, Ibn Zuhr, also known as Avenzoar, tested surgical procedures on animals before applying them to human patients. During the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, there was a rapid

of the most important physicians of the ancient Roman empire conducted experiments using animals that advanced the understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology (Animal Testing and Medicine 1). An Arab physician by the name of Ibn Zuhr also introduced the idea of animals being used to test experimental surgical procedures before applying them to human patients. Poisoning and severe side effects has resulted from drugs being released to the public without testing, this caused a

Animal testing has been around since the third and fourth centuries BC, when it was performed by Greek philosopher-physicians. However, it is unknown when people began to question this process. In today’s society, the idea of testing products on animals has become more and more controversial with numerous groups being created and becoming even more vocal. While people will decide for themselves where they stand in this argument, I would hope that most would agree that animal abuse is wrong. So,

living animals. Likewise, Galen (129 – 199 / 217 AD), a Greek physician who practiced in Rome and was a giant in the history of medicine, conducted animal experiments to advance the understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), an Arab physician in twelfth century Moorish Spain, introduced animal testing as an experimental method for testing surgical procedures before applying them to human patients.” Nevertheless, it is still needed in today’s society. There

Do you, your children, or your pet get vaccinations? Do you use household products? Do you use men or women beauty products? Do you use over the counter medicines? For most people the answer to these questions is yes. Though these items would not have been marketed had they not been tested on dogs, cats, and other animals. Scientists have used animals for experiments since the beginning of time. Animal experimentation has been the topic of debate for many years. The debate is deciding whether it