Immunoassay

treponemal tests (e.g. enzyme immunoassay-EIA, chemiluminescene immunoassay-CIA, multibead immunoassay-MBIA), followed by a non-treponemal test (e.g. RPR, VDRL) if reactive (1). Potential advantages of the reverse sequence algorithm include reduced labor

While Immunoassay testing is the most popular and cost effective way to drug test, it is not the most accurate. Cone and Menchen (1987) conducted a study involving the KDI Quik Test Drug Screen, which is a drug screen that relies on immunoassay testing alone, and has the ability to detect the use of cocaine, morphine, phencyclidine, amphetamines and other metabolites associated with illicit substances (p. 276). The study focused solely on whether the test indicated a presence of benzoylecogonine

1. If HIV-seropositivity is detected, what additional confirmatory tests should be done? List 3 tests and describe their principle. Western blotting - In Western blotting first, the macromolecules have to be separated via gel electrophoresis. The molecules now separated by electrophoresis are blotted onto either a nitrocellulose or a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane (a second matrix). To inhibit the binding of nonspecific antibodies to the membrane surface it is subsequently blocked. Then

within a matter of days. Chagas disease (T. cruzi) is a deadly disease triggered by the parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). This disease is commonly found in Latin America but it is also an endemic in America. A qualitative chemiluminescent immunoassay (ChLIA) was used to test the blood donations. It aided in detecting any antibodies to the T. cruzi virus in the human serum and the plasma specimens. The reactive donations with the disease were tested further by a second screening test and a confirmatory

in the urine. Steroid metabolites in general are sensitive and can be easily detected and therefore urinalysis can be used to test for them(Addiction Resource, n.d.). Moreover, another technique through which PED’s are tested for include immunoassay. Immunoassays are used to test for the presence of a drug in the urine (or other solutions) (Addiction Resource, n.d). The test uses an antigen and an antibody. The antibody will bind onto the molecule being tested for (such as a PED) in the solution INSERT

wavelength range used for optical detection; (2) Its conductive properties make it unsuitable for applications that involve electro kinetic flow to transport fluids; (3) Proteins tend to bind to silicon non-selectively which rules out its application in immunoassays [Bange et al, 2005] There has recently been a lot of interest in PDMS based microfluidic systems due the numerous advantages it offers compared to glass and silicon [Kong J et al, 2009; Tanyu Wang et al, 2013 and Alphonsus et al, 2010]. PDMS is

specific drug. The screening test for drugs are cheap and less time consuming. But the drawback of this test is not precise as confirmatory test. For detection of drugs in urine, there is two screening methods such as immunoassay and chromatography. Urine samples are analysed with immunoassay to find the presence or absence of drugs using antibodies. In this test the specimens are compared to samples of known quantity. The test is

Scientific Invention 1 out of every 133 people in the general population is glutton intolerant. Meaning that in a school of 1,330 students, you might expect around 10 people to require gluten-free diets (Michealis, 2016). For thousands of Canadians with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity, going out to eat is sometimes difficult and with anxiety because any item on the menu could have the possibility of giving you bad symptoms if it contains gluten. However, the Nima Sensor, which was created in

Sacropenia is known as an age-related disease, which demonstrates a reduction in mass and decrease in functionality of skeletal muscles. Sacropenia can lead to the tragic outcomes of feebleness, loss of independence and in worst case scenarios, death, amongst the elderly population (Roubenoff and Hughes, 2000). Therefore, identifying the elements and processes involved in muscle stem cell function is necessary in order to improve our methods of treatment for age-related diseases. The biological

Rotavirus represents the leading cause of severe childhood gastroenteritis. Every year rotavirus is thought to be responsible for approximately 25 million clinic visits, two million hospital admissions, and more than 800 thousand deaths in children under the age of five globally. Although this disease has a worldwide distribution, most deaths occur in the developing countries. It is hard to distinguish gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus from other enteric pathogens. Therefore establishing an adequate