In situ hybridization

Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) are the most common pediatric brain tumor and account for 35% of central nervous system tumors in children (1–4). pLGG includes a range of histologic types with WHO grade I pilocytic astrocytoma being the most frequent (3). Clinically, pLGGs are generally slow growing lesions that can occur throughout the central nervous system and are surgically removedwhen possible.Complete surgical resection is the most significant predictor of improved survival in pLGG (5)

Specific Aims Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, attributing to 12,000 diagnoses and 4,000 deaths per year. Not all causes of cervical cancer are known, representing a critical barrier to progress in cervical cancer therapeutics. Current therapies for cervical cancer include hysterectomy, radiation treatment, or chemotherapy with significant side effects. New and improved treatments are therefore urgently needed to minimize these pleiotropic effects and maintain fertility

In “Regeneration of the Elbow Joint in the Developing Chick Embryo Recapitulates Development”, the major question being addressed is whether or not a damaged joint, specifically a synovial joint, can undergo regeneration. Özpolat et al. (2012) hypothesized that regeneration of the elbow joint is indeed possible. Our joints can be repaired or replaced but regeneration has yet to be identified as a solution to repairing joint loss and recover function. Since joint diseases affect millions of people

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to establish the HER2 status when IHC yielded equivocal results. The interpretation of HER2 FISH results (HER2- to-CEP 17 ratio and gene copy number) was as follows: positive HER2 amplification, FISH ratio > 2.2 or HER2 gene

Li et al.,(109) investigated whether human MSCs contribute to the repair of skin appendages after injury. They co-cultured BrdU-labeled MSCs with heat-shocked confluent sweat gland cells SGCs, in vitro. They found that a subset of adult MSCs differentiated into SGCs. The percentage of differentiation was found to be enhanced by EGF and the injured microenvironment. In vivo, when they intravenously injected Labelled MSCs into full- thickness skin wounds in rats, Labelled cells were noted in hair follicles

Williams Syndrome Study: A Closer Look at Genetic Disease Introduction Genetic disorders offer a variety of different problems and symptoms. One of these disorders is Williams Syndrome. Williams syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by the genetic alteration and deletion of genetic material on Chromosome 7 (Riby, 2008). This disorder can cause lack of mental functioning and have ill effects on health and other vital areas (Shiohama, 2016). Despite the drastic effects this alteration of

Urosepsis is known to be caused by the invasion of the body’s defense mechanism due to an infection. This results in the infectious organisms’ infection and multiplying in the blood. It begins with an infection of the urinary tract or obstruction of the urine. A UTI is the inflammation of the urinary epithelium caused by stomach or intestinal microbia. Leading cause of sepsis is gram-positive bacterial sepsis, however other causes include gram-positive bacteria, and fungi. If a gram-positive

cancer, either because of a strong family history or a gene abnormality), and gathering more information about an area of suspicion found on a mammogram or ultrasound, monitoring for recurrence after treatment. iv) FISH Test: Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) is a test that maps the genetic material in a person’s cells. This test can be used to visualize specific genes or portions of genes. FISH testing is done on breast cancer tissue removed during biopsy to

My interest in pathology was initially cultivated when I dissected my first rat in 11th grade. I remembered being so curious about what organs looked from the inside. I was particularly interested in it is brain so I researched more information about it and purchased my first book of pathology. My interests grew even further during first year of undergrad, in my most favorite course, anatomy and pathophysiology which was taught by a pathologist who loved adding histology to his lectures. I was surprised

An overview of mutation detection methods in genetic disorders. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics. 2013;23(4):375-388. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3883366/. Accessed February 3, 2014. This research paper outlines common mutation detection methods used in genetic counseling to uncover preexisting genetic conditions. There are three main groups: single gene (errors in DNA sequence), chromosomal (structural damages) and multifactorial disorders. Molecular and cytogenetic techniques were