Infant Mortality Essay

McKenzie and Pinger define infant mortality as death prior to 1 year of age. It is expressed as the number of deaths per 1,000 live births. Leading causes of infant mortality are: congenital malformation, preterm/low birth weight, complications during pregnancy and accidents. In the last 100 years there have been decreases in infant mortality due to economic growth, sanitation improvement, developed medical care and enhanced nutrition. (McKenzie & Pinger, 2017). Infant mortality rates vary amid ethnic

steps that can be taken to improve the disparity of infant mortality in minority communities? Background: According to the Minority Nurse Journal, African American babies are 2.5 times likely to die compared to non- Hispanic white infants, there are similar results in comparison to American Indians. The research for the last 30-50 years shows that this health disparity continues to increase. The United States has an infant mortality rate of 6.7/1,000. Among non-Hispanic African Americans

The author briefly identified factors that have been shown to influence infant mortality in several countries, including poverty and maternal education, however studies that have been done in Haiti have been inconclusive. The author also provides background information about Haiti’s socioeconomic environment, for instance, illiteracy

Affairs 2110 30 March 2016 Infant Mortality Infant mortality is a topic many people do not think of until they have their first born child. Infant mortality is defined as the death of a baby before they reach their first birthday, and is measured by the number of live deaths per 1,000 live births. Ohio ranks 44th in the United States in infant mortality rates (America’s Health Rankings). Ohio’s infant mortality rate has slowly decreased over the years; however, infant mortality among the black population

This is compared to 1.2 percent of infant deaths from all black couples. This is a significant difference when talking about infant deaths between races and there is still a difference when we look at couples with one black parent and one white parent. The percentage was 0.7 percent for a white mother and black father or vice versa. When we look at the time frame of 1998-2006, the percentages in all groups dropped by only 0.1 percent (El-Sayed, Paczkowski, Rutherford, Keyes, & Galea, 2015). Based

Present data trends in infant mortality for the U.S. from the first and last available year. The data trends in infant mortality for the U.S. from the year 1915 to 2010 are as shown in Figure 1: Fig 1: Infant Mortality Rate in the U.S, 1915-2010 (March of Dimes) The data trends in infant mortality for the U.S. from the year 1995 to 2010 are as shown in Figure 2: Fig 2: Infant Mortality Rate in the U.S, 1995-2010 (March of Dimes) The above data shows that the mortality rates per 1,000 births have

among minorities in infant mortality and birth outcomes (Kim, 2013). In order to understand the social determinants impacting infant mortality and birth outcomes, it is important to understand the conceptual framework of societal to individual level determinants of infant mortality and birth outcomes. Conceptual framework includes identifying social determinants at mirco, meso and macro levels. This in turn will help in interpreting patterns of disparities in infant mortality and birth outcomes among

Infant Mortality Within the United States Herein I briefly overview the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) within the United States. Initially, I discuss specific causes of infant death and then, contributing factors which put babies at risk. Next, the distribution of various IMR is surveyed on a state to state basis. States possessing the ten highest infant mortality rates are discussed, including possible reasons for higher IMR. In addition, those states with the ten lowest IMR are mentioned.

Infant mortality is the death of a child that is less than one year of age. Infant mortality rates are measured by the number of deaths in infants per number of live births. Infants are usually up to that age of one year. The health outcomes of a pregnancy is mainly influenced by a woman's health. Other risk factors include race, ethnicity, age, and income. Socioeconomic status and geographic location are major influences for infant mortality of a child. Most babies that die before their first year

The infant mortality rate is 106 in rural areas in Punjab and this figure is much high. Also there is a need to explore infant 4 mortality in socio economic perspective of rural areas (UNICEF, 2010). Mortality in female infants was 1.3 times higher than in male infants. Discrimination, which may lead to increased mortality among female children, has been the subject of many previous studies. The World Health Organization

A third determinant of high infant mortality rate is whether the mother is educated or not. Plenty of studies have found that low education levels can lead to poor pregnancy outcomes such as infant mortality (Loggins & Andrade, 2014). However, although the attainment of education for blacks increased, the infant mortality rate still declined at a slower rate compared to those whites that had an education attainment increased (Loggins & Andrade, 2014). This could mean that it is not solely one determinant

European Americans, African American infants experience disproportionately high rates of low birth weight (LBW) and preterm delivery and are more than twice as likely to die during their 1st year of life”(Giscombé, C. L., & Lobel, M., 2005). The infant mortality rate for African Americans is 13.7 deaths per 1000 live births, more than twice the rate (5.7) for White Americans in the U.S. (Kung, Hoyert, Xu, & Murphy, 2008). A lot of the racial disparity in infant mortality can be explained by low birthweight

Exclusive Breastfeeding and Infant Mortality: If We Nudge, Will Mothers Budge? Section I: Introduction West Africa has the highest infant mortality rate in the world - for every 1000 live births, 70 children die before their first birthday (Wang, 2014). National infant mortality rates vary from 18.8 deaths per 1000 live births in Cape Verde to 89.9 deaths per 1000 live births in Guinea-Bissau. Nonetheless, the leading causes of infant mortality are largely the same across the region: neonatal

early health of their infants. And if there is indeed a connection between income and infant mortality or birth weight, what other conditions must be held constant or controlled in order for these connections to be statistically significant? Schady & Smitz (2009) took the direction of studying middle income country with specified regularity and extremity in economic shocks to the system and then attempting to establish a connection with said shocks to the infant mortality rates. They gathered relevant

High Infant Mortality rates can be reduced through proper education and routine health care checks. Infant Mortality is the death of children under the age of one. Infant Mortality can affect anyone who is not properly educated on being a new mother. Ohio Infant Mortality rates are ranked eighth worst amongst the 50 states (Ohio Department of Health). Within Ohio, African American rates are the highest at 14.8%.That's double any other race (NIH). Sudden Infant Death can also play role in Infant Mortality

Stated on nichd.nih.gov, “There are many different causes of infant mortality, from infection to birth defects or accidents. The main causes of infant mortality in the United States are different than the main causes of infant death around the world”. Most common causes of infant mortality rate in the U.S include birth defects, SIDS, and pregnancy complications. On the contrary causes of infant mortality rate worldwide include neonatal encephalopathy, blood infections, and diarrheal

The infant mortality rate stays extremely high in the US, and even more considering it is a developed country. The black population remains the ethnicity the most hit by this issue. For instance, in San Francisco, the black infant mortality comes to 16.2 deaths per 1,000 births, compared with the white rate of 2.5 (Gonzales, 2013). The weak US heath care system is probably the number one cause of this high mortality rate. Indeed, many pregnant women cannot afford prenatal care for their baby, which

Infant mortality rate (IMR) in the US has been much higher than many industrialized countries as well as some of the underdeveloped countries. Some of the differences (about 40%) in the IMR can be explained by variations in reporting of fetal and infant death, measurement techniques and so on (Chen, A., Oster, E., Williams, H., 2015). Moreover, high rate of premature birth (births in less than 37 weeks of gestation) in the US, is also a major contributor to high IMR. However, according to the research

Problem- Infant Mortality Infant mortality is and has been an issue for a very long time. It can be defined as the rate of deaths that happen before a child’s first birthday (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). A consequence of infant mortality is the mental health of the family that must deal with the death of a child; when one loses a child very early it can be difficult to cope with and the parents might develop depression. There are several risk factors for infant mortality, including

Infant mortality has long been considered to be an important indicator of a nation’s health, and while it has fallen dramatically over the past five decades, there are still striking differences along socioeconomic, geographic, and racial lines. “In 2009, the infant mortality rate was 12.4 infant deaths per 1,000 live births among blacks, compared to 5.3 among whites.” Equally large and persistent differences by race are found for other birth outcomes – including stillbirths, preterm births, and