Influenza epidemic

INTRODUCTION: Influenza, more commonly known as the ‘flu’, is a chameleon like infectious disease, that presents itself with varying characteristics from year to year, due to the wavering identity of the strain. “Like HIV, influenza is an RNA virus, constantly changing its appearance and adept at eluding recognition by the human immune system” (Schneider, 2014). From its inception of 1918, influenza claims an average of 250,000 to 500,000 people worldwide, annually. Little is known of the virus’s

The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 It was 1918 early moring at an crowded army base in Kansas when it started.It would become the deadliest disease since the middle ages, when the black dealth wiped out one-thrid of Eurpoes population. It may have started in the United States but it would pass all around the world. The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 was originally a bird virus but then it mutated into a human virus. Today we know it as the flu but back then it had many different names such as the Spanish

Currently, one of the major problems in the world is the rapid change of our climate. Years of research and studies have linked climate change to the spreading and occurrence of many infectious diseases. Vectors and pathogens that were not able to spread to certain countries before because temperatures were too low for them to survive in are now being able to habituate these parts of the world because of how much warmer our planet is becoming. This is concerning to us because infectious diseases

Influenza, also known as the “flu virus” is something that everyone has heard of, and many people have gotten at some point within their life. It is a very common virus that attacks the respiratory system. The flu affects thousands of people every year. There are many different strains of the flu, but the main three are A, B, and C. There are many symptoms that indicate infection, but they are usually not gastrointestinal. Children, pregnant women, and elderly people are most at risk of catching

same evening. In about 18 months, about 500 million people around the world got sick. Over 50 million people died from the worst outbreak of flu in known history. There may have been twice as many unreported deaths in some places. The deadly influenza spread so fast that laws were passed to try to stop it. It was illegal in some places to cough, spit, or sneeze in public. People wore masks if they went outside.1 Droplets from a single sneeze can send a tiny microbe all the way across a room

4 strains have undergone mutations and antigenic shift leading to the emergence of novel variants every 2-3 years, that have the ability to cause global epidemics (68). This epochal style of evolution of NoV characterised by periods of stasis followed by the emergence of new variants causing worldwide epidemics is similar to that of the influenza virus (16, 69). Although, GII.4 variants were recognized as having pandemic potential from 1995 onwards, the first GII.4 strain was submitted to the GenBank

occur in people 65 years and older “ (2011).The CDC advises that the best way to prevent and control the spread of influenza each year is by the use of vaccinnations. In effort to control and prevent influenza epidemics, the CDC uses the epidemiological process to predict the strain of the virus that will be most relevant to the population and this data is used to formulate influenza vaccinations (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Based on the information provided by the CDC and

visited a rural area, if one does not comply this will result in heavy fines. Human Quarantine Captains of aircrafts and ships are required to notify AQIS if passengers or crew display symptoms of prohibited diseases (rabies, yellow fever, avian influenza) Aircrafts are sprayed with insecticide to kill any pests present on the aircraft. Quarantine measures have been implemented that forbid the movement of fruit across state boarders, these measures are in place to control the spread of fruit flies

to education were appreciably more prone to embrace behaviors resulting in avoidance.7 Preventing influenza transmission and the development of ILI appears clear cut with the proven preventive techniques. However, there are numerous aspects associated with health related behaviors and perceptions that should be considered as well. Researchers proposed a predictive model of unequal levels of influenza and mortality during a pandemic would be influenced by social factors. These determinants included

Influenza A Virus IAV is a virus classified as part of the orthomyxoviridae and one of the causative agents of influenza or “the flu”. (Edinger, Pohl & Stertz, 2014) Its natural reservoir is primarily wild aquatic fowl where it is mostly nonpathogenic, though zoonotic infections can occur in mammals and domestic fowl. (Klenk, Matrosovich & Stech, 2008) The jump between species often results in the establishment of highly pathogenic variants that can have devastating effects, as was the case of