Inner cell mass

is to support the mucosa. The submucosa is substantially less rigid connective tissue as it permits the mucosa to expand and contract in flexible fashion during peristalsis i.e. the natural process of ingestation from the mouth (King 2010). The inner stomach lining is referred to as epithelial tissue. The epithelial tissue consists of densely formed tissues which are comprised into tightly packed and layered sheets. The epithelial tissue acts as a border to ensure all organs are segregated and

neurons project to the organ of Corti and synapse with both inner and outer hair cells prior to the onset of hearing. The developmental processes that determine axon outgrowth are largely unknown, though it is thought that a combination of axon guidance molecules and neurotrophic factors determine the fate of the projections. Here, we use immunofluorescence to show that the P2X3 receptor is expressed in both spiral ganglion neurons and hair cells during cochlear development. Furthermore, we demonstrate

Embryonic Stem Cells Hook:What if you were in a serious car rack, and the doctor told you you’ll never walk again, breath the same, or enjoy another outdoor activity? But, what if there’s a possibility that you could get your old life back.All you have to do is agree to a special surgery, and kill a sweet ,innocent unborn baby.Would you do it? Background:Embryonic stem cells were discovered in 1981.Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells, derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst

stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that has the potential to develop into all of the different types of cells that are in the body. Including the cells that take place during the growth, development, and early life of the human. An undifferentiated cell is a cell that has not yet developed into its specialized form. Totipotent stem cells are cells with the potential to grow into any cell that is in the human body. First, the zygote is formed after the combination of the sperm and egg cell. The

The heart is a hollow muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the blood vessels to various parts of the body by repeated, rhythmic contractions. It is found in all animals with a circulatory system, which includes the vertebrates. The adjective cardiac means "related to the heart" and comes from the Greek καρδιά, kardia, for "heart". Cardiology is the medical speciality that deals with cardiac diseases and abnormalities. The vertebrate heart is principally composed of cardiac muscle and connective

Stem Cells Research the Regeneration of Medicine Stem cells research is one of the most powerful areas of medicine that is both researched and passionately argued. The web page of National Institute of Health (NIH) describes that stem cells are unspecialized cells that are capable of renewing themselves through cell division and they can also be induced to become tissue or organ-specific cells with special functions. Stem cells have the potential to develop into many different cell types in the body

commercial importance as a nutritious food for human consumption, avian eggs can feasibly be studied in vitro and in vivo. Egg proteins are nutritionally complete with a great balance of essential amino acids, which are demanded to build and to repair the cells in muscles and other body organs. (2) Moreover, the egg contains high quantity of nutrients such as fatty acid, minerals like iron, calcium phosphorus, zinc, and vitamins A, B2, B6, B12, D, E, and K. (3)

are made up of cells; without them, our bodies would not be able to thrive, let alone be created. Our bones, muscles, organs, tissues and skin are all composed of specialized cells that code for the type of cell they are assigned to be. Many body cells, for example, a liver cell, can reproduce many new cells; but the cells reproduced are only capable of being created as a liver cell. This example is a major reason why researchers are so interested in stem cell research. Stem cells are not specialized

senescent and damaged mitochondria by selective mitochondrial autophagy or mitophagy. Although mitochondria are constantly renewed, the ongoing rate of homeostatic QC processes in vivo is fairly low (Miwa et al., 2008) on the order of days, whereas in cells, it is more rapid (Hernandez et al., 2013). Mitochondrial turnover in the rat heart has an estimated half-life of roughly two weeks (Rabinowitz and Zak, 1975). Thus, for a typical cardiomyocyte under basal conditions (~1000 mitochondria), 1.5 mitochondria

biopsy is performed. By this time, the embryo should have reached the blastocyst stage which consists of an inner cell mass (forms the foetus) and trophectoderm cells (forms the placenta). The trophectoderm cells should have herniated through the hole made in the outer shell of the embryo on day 3 in which these cells (approximately five cells) are collected for analysis. The biopsied cells are transferred to a small tube for genetic testing. Due to the time taken to perform the genetic testing,