Insulin resistance

Americans and about 86 million Americans are pre-diabetic. Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is marked by a gradual increase in the blood glucose levels due to decrease in the insulin levels or due to insulin resistance in the adipose tissue and muscles. Strategies to control T2DM include oral agents like biguanides, using insulin hormone to control glucose levels apart from lifestyle changes such as exercise and diet changes. However, medicines can be expensive and can have adverse side effects because

associated with abnormalities in any of the following 3 basic pathophysiologic abnormalities: • Impaired insulin secretion • Excessive hepatic glucose production • Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue.9 The thiazolidinediones are a unique class of agents that improve the third parameter, and are therefore also called as the “Insulin sensitizers”. Insulin resistance syndrome also called as Syndrome X is caused by a variety of pathophysiologic abnormalities mainly obesity

suggested. Diabetes mellitus There are two types of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). T1D is characterized by the inability to produce adequate insulin. T2D, which is more prevalent, is characterized by insulin resistance primarily due to fatty diets and sedentary lifestyles72,73. Sufficient insulin production and/or supplementation is vital to maintaining a healthy female

Nearly all of the recent research points out that there is a high comorbidity with PCOS, insulin resistance, and obesity. Obese women with insulin resistance are at the highest risk for developing PCOS. A 2015 research paper found that if conception is achieved (typically with the assistance of ovulation-inducing agents as we discussed) while the patient is diagnosed with

sleep deprivation over a long period of time. They developed a hypothesis that allowed them to predict that chronic sleep deprivation for extended periods of time will significantly decrease insulin sensitivity and impair glucose metabolism. Analyzing the rat’s tolerance for glucose and sensitivity to insulin allowed the researchers to observe changes in metabolism due to sleep deprivation. The experiment consisted of two groups of twelve female rats, a control group (CON) and the group undergoing

sleep deprivation over a long period of time. They developed a hypothesis that allowed them to predict that chronic sleep deprivation for extended periods of time will significantly decrease insulin sensitivity and impair glucose metabolism. Analyzing the rat’s tolerance for glucose and sensitivity to insulin allowed the researchers to observe changes in metabolism due to sleep deprivation. The experiment consisted of two groups of twelve female rats, a control group (CON) and the group undergoing

Type 2 diabetes is a polygenic, complex disease that has become a worldwide health crisis. According to the World Health Organization over 422 million people in the world had this disease in 2014 (1), the Center for Disease Control and Prevention stated that in the United States alone 29 million people had diabetes in 2014 (2). While the genetic predisposition contributing to the diabetes phenotype is not fully understood to date it still remains an area of active research. There are also various

that over half a million new zealanders will be affected by diabetes in this decade, most of which will be maori or pacific people. The greater the degree of obesity the greater the risk of developing diabetes since obesity is a huge factor in insulin resistance. It affects New zealanders because it’s harder to maintain a healthy lifestyle due to how much healthy food, and health care cost. Diabetes is more common in maori and pacific people, this is likely due to the higher amounts of fast food and

hypothalamic-pituitary axis, secretion of insulin and the function of the ovary.3 Although, the cause of PCOS is an on going topic of research, it has been linked to insulin resistance and elevated androgen levels that contribute to hormonal imbalance.4 It is estimated that 60%-80% of women with PCOS, show insulin resistance and this percentage increases to 95% of women who are obese.8 Insulin resistance is a cause as well as an exacerbating factor for the development of PCOS.3 Insulin resistance contributes to metabolic

Insulin (medication) is the use of insulin and similar proteins as a medication to treat disease. Insulin comes in a number of different types including short acting (such as regular insulin) and long acting such as NPH insulin. It is also may include: low blood sugar levels, skin reactions at the site of injection and low potassium levels among others(ASH,2014). Insulin was first used by Canada Charles Bestfrederick Banting. Insulin helps regulate sugar in the blood stream and also stores excess