Ionosphere

The electric conductivity in the ionosphere associates the electric current and the electric field by Ohm's law. The conductivity includes the Pedersen component ("Expression 1") parallel to the electric field and the Hall component ("Expression 2") perpendicular to the electric and the magnetic field. The conductivities usually concentrate between 100 and 130 km altitudes in the central E region where ions and electrons can move separately. Conductivities are proportional to plasma densities. Daytime

Earth, the emissions of solar flares can have a significant impact in today’s technological world. By far, the largest impact of solar flares to our technology is radio blackouts. The emissions of solar flares cause scintillation to occur in the ionosphere effectively blocking long distance transmissions. Solar flares are excessively bright and powerful and so deserve our attention not only from a scientific standpoint, but a societal standpoint as we rely more and more on our technology. Currently

Research Program, which is an ionosphere research program that was funded by a combination of the U.S. Air Force, the University of Alaska, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and the U.S. Navy. This information comes from their own website. Hold on... They are funded by DARPA? That’s weird. What’s a defense agency funding an ionosphere research program? Are they considering HAARP a weapon? Hmm… According to HAARP, their sole purpose is to “analyze the ionosphere and investigate the potential

ITU Frequency Designation The ITU radio bands are designations defined in the ITU Radio Regulations. Provision No. 2.1 states that "the radio spectrum shall be subdivided into nine frequency bands, which shall be designated by progressive whole numbers” in accordance with the following table. Table of ITU Radio Bands Band Number Symbols Frequency Range Wavelength Range Typical sources 1 ELF 3 to 30 Hz 10,000 to 100,000 km deeply-submerged submarine communication 2 SLF 30 to 300 Hz 1000 to 10,000

The use of upper atmospheric density models is essential for orbit determination and geophysical research. This data plays an important role in understanding the exosphere, and can contribute to monitoring of next solar cycle. One of the major applications of studying upper atmospheric density models and their changes with the solar cycles is to track and identify active satellites as well as debris in the low earth orbit (LEO) and other higher orbits. Collision avoidance and reentry prediction for

IMPROVEMENTS TO HIGH FREQUENCY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM IN SRI LANKA NAVY FOR BETTER PERFORMANCES INTRODUCTION 1. The High Frequency (HF) radio band is defined as the range of frequencies in the radio spectrum between 3 and 30 megahertz . Military organizations have used HF radios for both strategic and tactical communications for more than 80 years. However with the development of satellite communications (SatCom) use of HF communication were de-emphasized and fell in to disuse. In contrast to this

organization that researches the behavior of the ionosphere, the uppermost part of the atmosphere. In Gakona, Alaska, there is a field of antennas connected to function as one immense antenna. Each individual antenna produces 10,000 watts of electricity. With a total of 360 antennas, that adds up to 3.6 million watts. When the antenna field is activated, the radio waves are broadcasted up or down. All of the antennas shoot very powerful waves into the ionosphere. During this, the waves heat the atmosphere

What is the drinkable book? How does it work? Why was it made? The drinkable book is a manual that gives safe water tips and is a tool to kill waterborne diseases that can be deadly. This book was created by Dr. Theresa Dankovich and her team at McGill University in Montreal. It is in a variety of language and teaching methods. With this product it can provide user water for four years. The message that is printed on the paper in many different languages is “The water in your village may contain

Aurora- Light of Mystery Text Box: This shuttle image shows the characteristic oval shape of the aurora.i What is aurora? Auroras, or polar lights, are the luminous phenomenon of the upper atmosphere occurs in high latitudes of both hemispheres. Auroras in the northern hemisphere are called aurora borealis and those in the south hemisphere are called aurora australis. Aurora (Latin for 'dawn') is beautiful and amazing lights which are visible in the dark sky in

Many accounts of weather manipulation conspiracies are very common in our society and are not far-fetched due to the technology that is present with cloud seeding as a harmful way to manipulate the weather which inserts artificial chemicals in the ionosphere to create rain, therefore this is negatively affecting our weather by intensifying storms and damaging our atmosphere, although governments would like to create rain for crops to grow and for more water supplies but this is a dangerous and harmful