Islets of Langerhans

number of endocrine cells. These cells secrete hormones that help regulate the blood glucose level in the body. Within the pancreas endocrine cells are formed into islets, which are clusters of endocrine cells. These islets secrete insulin and glucagon, which are the blood glucose regulating hormones. Insulin is released from these islets when the blood glucose levels are too high. It activates muscle tissue and fatty tissue to take in extra blood sugar to help compensate for the high levels in the

exercise and must eat from a specific diet. Exercises mostly include aerobics and balanced insulin levels with other exercise techniques (Kelly). Insulin is a hormone that is produced from what is known as the “islets of Langerhans”, discovered by German Histologist Paul Langerhans, and is required for the utilization of glucose in muscle cells for energy. If the muscles are deprived of glucose for energy conversion, the muscles begin to utilize fat for energy (Roth). This however has toxic

is associated with the appearance of islet autoantibodies early in life, which is influenced by environmental factors. Once islet autoantibodies have developed, the progression to diabetes in antibody positive individuals is determined by the age of antibody appearance and by the magnitude of the autoimmunity in turn related to the age of the person. Characteristics that describe the magnitude of the autoimmunity can stage progression to Type 1 diabetes in islet autoantibody positive subjects regardless

Achievement Standard 91604 Demonstrate understanding of how an animal maintains a stable internal environment Homeostasis is the ability to preserve a dynamic stable internal environment factor and to set the correct operative mechanisms to restore the factor back to the optimum level. There are many types of stable internal environment factors that the body has to maintain in order to function correctly that includes thermoregulation, osmotic control and blood sugar regulation. How the athlete’s

the pancreas, which causes an over or under production of insulin, or the cells become insulin- resistant. The pancreas is the organ in the body located partially behind the stomach composed of millions of cells called pancreatic islets, or islets of Langerhans. These islets contain two major hormone- producing cells which are the alpha cells and the beta cells. The alpha cells synthesize glucagon and the beta cells synthesize insulin. These cells secrete glucagon and insulin, especially during the

When blood-glucose levels rise, there is an increase in soluble glucose molecules in the blood and is detected by the beta cells of the pancreas in the islets of Langerhans of the endocrine tissue. Beta cells respond to hyperglycaemic stimuli by producing a hormone called insulin which stimulates cells, especially adipose and muscle cells, to take up soluble glucose molecules from the blood. Insulin is a short

When the blood glucose levels rise above the optimum, the pancreas detects this, and sends a metabolic signal for the pancreas to produce insulin in the beta cells. The beta cells are a part of a cluster of cells called the Islets of Langerhan. The hormone insulin is made here because the pancreas is a part of the endocrine system. (4) Insulin helps our cells convert glucose into energy, and it helps our bodies store extra glucose for use later. Insulin does this by turning the extra

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is destroys pancreatic beta-cells, leading to partial or total loss of insulin production (Merger, et al 170). The exact cause is not known, but the destruction is triggered as an autoimmune response which could be due to the stressors from environment and genetics (Merger, et al 170). “Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition in which there is no cure, nor prevention at the current time” (Merger, et al 170). Most

R E V I E W S H E E T EXERCISE 27 Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands Gross Anatomy and Basic Function of the Endocrine Glands 1. Both the endocrine and nervous systems are major regulating systems of the body; however, the nervous system has been compared to an airmail delivery system and the endocrine system to the pony express. Briefly explain this comparison. The nervous system is a lot more fast acting and more rapid action occurs when compaired to the endocrine and the slow

Approximately 90% of the pancreas is exocrine. The remaining approximate 10% of the pancreas acts as an endocrine gland that consists of around a million pancreatic islets called the islets of Langerhans. Inside the islets are three main types of cell that detect the amount of glucose in the blood: alpha, beta and delta cells. Situated mostly around the outside of the cell are alpha cells, mainly towards the centre are beta cells, and scattered