Jizya

During 16th through 18th century, Southern and Western Asia was the home of three prominent Muslim Empires: the Ottoman Empire, the Mughal Empire, and the Safavid Empire. The Ottoman Empire founded in the late 13th century was located in the northwestern corner of the Anatolian Peninsula, and gradually expanded westward. The Mughal Empire was also founded in the 16th century, and was viewed as the highest point of traditional culture in India. The Safavid Empire was founded at the beginning of the

In the second response, The Dialogue between Timothy and the Baghdad Caliph, has a much more nuanced and lighthearted debate about Christian-Muslim apologetics. For one, Christians under Muslim rule were given certain rights provided they pay the jizya tax, and treated as second class citizens, with few holding court positions. Timothy was one of the few and a good friend of the Caliph to the point of having civil discourse with each

Aurangzeb's religious policy is based on the Islamic theory of kinship. Aurangzeb was felt that he had not only become greater than administer the empire in a better way, but also to protect and strengthen particularly its Sunni Islam faith. He was a strict follower of the Sunni sect, to the extent that he persecuted the members of the Shiite sect. In order to achieve its objective of strengthening Islam, his father was imprisoned, he killed his brothers, he forced his son Akbar to revolt and have

Ch.14 Outline: Empires and Encounters • European Empires in the Americas o Western European conquered territory were across the ocean o Spanish colonies in Caribbean, Aztec, and Incas o Portuguese colonies in coast of Brazil o British, Dutch, French colonies in Northeast America • The European Advantage o Western European countries proximity allowed them to conquer the Western Hemisphere o Constant Atlantic winds were better for travelling on o No incentive for Asians because market was already good

Helen Santos April 7, 2016 History 110A-Section 04 MWF 11:00AM Chapter 14: A New Society: The Expansive Realm of Islam Chapter 14 in the book Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective of the Past by Herrry H. Bentley and Herbert F. Ziegler is mainly about Muhammad, the prophet, and his world, the expansion of Islam, economy and society of the early Islamic world, and its values and cultural exchanges. This chapter begins with the Muhammad and the message he brings. It all began in the Arabian

The Caste System Although the exact origins of the Indian caste system remain unknown, it has been a fundamental aspect of the nation’s societal structure for most of its history. The caste system is a set of four distinct social classes called Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudras, and Untouchables. Each caste is a separate division within society, Brahmins being ranked the highest and Untouchables the lowest. Every person’s caste is decided before birth through a combination of familial standing

The Armenian Genocide, also sometimes called the first genocide, happen in April 1915. The Ottoman government had a plan to decimate the Armenian population in the Ottoman Empire. There was approximately 1.5 Christian Armenians lived in the Ottoman Empire at that time. The Armenian Genocide physically annihilated approximately 664,000 to 1.2 Christian Armenian from the Spring of 1915 to the Fall of 1916. They went through starvation, illness due to exposure and massacres. The hundreds and thousands

During the Ottoman occupation of Greece there were many aspects of life that changed due to the new ruling power, but one aspect that strived to be unchangeable was the Greek Orthodox Church. With an occupation that spanned nearly 500 years and encompassed periods of great industrial and agricultural growth, it is clear Greece must have gone through changes. The Greek Orthodox Church was extremely resistant to change during the Ottoman rule due to its people’s belief that Greek identity lay within

The Mongol Empire was the largest continuous land empire in history, taking control of many Afro-Eurasian societies in the thirteenth and fourteenth century. Not only were the Mongols militarily powerful, they were also administratively powerful. The Mongols had a major impact on societies of Afro-Eurasia during this time period because their conquests ruined cities, their cultural diverse population adopted controlling positions, and their administrative efficiency promoted economy. Mongolian conquests

responsibility to start a jihad [holy war]. The pact was and arrangement sometimes made by the rulers. The pact was where any conquered Christians or Jews, and other non-Muslims could continue to practice their religion if they paid a tax called the jizya, and also obeyed the Islamic law. They got the conquered people to follow their religion, which helped the spread of