Johann Gottfried Herder

Even though Comparative literature is established as a discipline very recently, we could trace its origin from time immemorial. It is almost impossible to speak about a text without mentioning another. In The Preface to Shakespeare, as Dr. Johnson expresses "without the knowledge of many mountains, and many rivers; so in the productions of genius, nothing can be styled excellent till it has been compared with other works of the same kind." 　　Comparative literature deals with all the elements with

Opposing the core idea of the Age of Enlightenment that the universe is a mechanism in which man is just its cog, Romanticism envisioned humans as part of divine creation. German philosophers and writers such as Goethe and Schiller, and other members of the German literary movement of the 18th century, Sturm und Drang (Storm and Stress), focused on human emotions, senses, and intuition in their poetry and prose, thus forming the foundation of a new aesthetic and philosophic movement. As a continuation

This was only the start of this international debate, Le Verrier had contacted the London Guardian, a local news group, about the accusations and stated that, “When he scrupled not to put into print that my calculations were not sufficient to command his confidence, did he not perceive that he was bringing discredit on his own scientific penetration, when he attacked a calculation … Among men of science of different countries, there ought to remain only that friendly rivalry, which, as leading to

paved a way for German Nationalism from the early 1800s to the 1850s period. German Nationalism can be traced back to the Napoleonic era where the study of folklore and popular Art by Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, and the study of folk songs by Johann Gottfried von Herder can be discovered. To better understand how German Nationalism was it is important to have an intellectual understanding what was the starting cause of the idea and how it was influenced by Romanticism where Romantic Nationalism is derived

In the fourth chapter of Machiavelli's Prince, he doesn’t tell his readers the right or wrong ways to conquer a country, instead he spells out both options for leaders and their advantages and disadvantages. Machiavelli uses examples that were world famous. They are empires that shaped the world his readers lived in, and still shape the world modern readers live in. He uses names that would have been household names, Darius, Alexander the Great, the Turks etc. Machiavelli uses approachable language

philosopher Johann Gottfried von Herder developed an idea of organising organic nationalism, a form an ethnic nationalism in which states stop its political legitimacy from historical or hereditary groups. The underlying assumption is that every ethnicity should be politically distinct. Herder separated people depending on their language. For example, people who spoke the French language were therefore French people, people who spoke in English language were then known as English people. Herder is regarded

Summary Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. According to history, Charles Darwin is the first scientist to frame the theory of evolution by natural selection. It was publish in his book title "On the Origin of Species 1859”. Darwin express the theory of evolution by natural selection as a process by which species change over a period of time. This change take place because of the changes in genetic and behavioral traits. The ability of the organisms to change over time or adjust to fit environmental

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Human nature is perhaps one of the most familiar and simultaneously baffling things known to man. A writer who dared to explore the complications of humanity and, even more admirably, managed to make some sense of them was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. His literary talent and combination of romantic and classical writings brought him fame and success during his lifetime. After having written The Sorrows of Young Werther he was even noticed by the Duke of Weimar and made

Christian theology is based upon the beliefs and traditions that Christians have practiced since the first century. At that time, a continuation and development of Judaism, as Christianity spread throughout the eastern Mediterranean world, each region began to develop an individualized approach to biblical interpretation and Christianity. Despite the fact that it started as a movement, Christianity has emerged into an internationally accepted religion that is composed of several denominations within

The Principles and History of Phrenology Emily Ryhal Palo Alto University Abstract Franz Joseph Gall created the main principles of phrenology, which was the first scientific theory of brain localization. His theories were based entirely on observation and natural philosophy. Phrenology was the study of associating an individual’s personality characteristics and mental abilities based on the shape of their skull. It was incomparably influential throughout the first half of the 19th