John Marshall Harlan

Supreme Courts Nomination in the United States Introduction The Supreme Court is considered the highest-ranking court the in the United States. It is composed of nine judges referred to as justices. The main purpose of having these justices is so that they can make rulings on cases that the junior court cannot settle. Supreme Court judges make the final decision on whether a law is consistent with the underlying constitution. All Supreme Court justices serve lifetime appointments, which means they

As Justice Henry Brown once said, “the object of the 14th amendment was undoubtedly to enforce the absolute equality of the two races”, but racial segregation was a key point in these cases. Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education are two major cases in the United States that inspired the movement of civil rights for African Americans. In 1896 Homer Plessy fought for his 13th and 14th amendments. While in 1952, Linda Brown argued that segregated schools violated the 14th amendment. The

liberty. It restarted the argument of what should be the limit to the states power. What does constitutionally protected liberty include? This case didn’t have many facts since Jacobson’s argument relied a lot on his opinion of vaccines. Justice John Marshall Harlan goes over facts Jacobson provided and began debunking them as he delivered his opinion to the court. He explains that the ninth proposition which Jacobson offered to prove that vaccines are harmful and explain the chemical proprieties of the

Before the Civil War, African Americans were not only forced to work without pay as slaves to the white population in America, particularly the South, but were often not even considered as other human beings. After the Civil War, in 1865, a 13th amendment was added to the constitution, abolishing slavery in the United States. However, the new-found freedom did not stop them from being discriminated against. Three years after the abolishment of slavery, the 14th amendment was created in attempt to

Amendment included the right to refuse compulsory vaccination (Mariner, Annas, & Glantz, 2005). Justice John Marshall Harlan questioned the court “Is this statute . . . inconsistent with the liberty which the Constitution of the United States secures to every person against deprivation by the State?” Justice Harlan went on to confirm that while the Constitution, specifically the 14th amendment, protected the individual liberty that this liberty is not an “absolute right” that created a situation

a separate accommodation. Homer Plessy,outraged, refused to comply and was imprisoned. Plessy then filed a complaint against the state of Louisiana claiming that the reason for his arrest went against the Fourteenth Amendment. While on trial, Judge John Howard Ferguson decided that the state of Louisiana “could choose to regulate railroad companies that operated only within the state”, thus finding Plessy guilty of his refusal to leave the white accommodation. Homer Plessy's case Plessy v. Ferguson

According to the Court, the Fourteenth Amendment was only concerned with legal, not social, equality.” Justice John Marshall Harlan was the only man who was in favor for Plessy. Harlan thought it was unconstitutional and believed segregation had the effect of creating classes. As used the same article, according to Harlan, “These laws promoted and perpetuated the belief that African Americans were inferior to whites.” During these times train cars weren't the only

In fact, Harlan emphasizes that a legislative body should not take race into account when considering the rights of citizens. The statute of Louisiana, however, does perpetuate race-based discrimination even as it pretends to grant equal rights to both white and African-American citizens, thereby contradicting the Thirteenth and Fourteenth

system of racial segregation. Plessy was seventh eights white and only one eight African American. His great grandmother was from Africa and according to the state of Louisiana and the law he was classified black regardless of his light skin appearance. John Howard Ferguson was an American lawyer who was a judge in Louisiana. He was born on June10, 1838 in Chilmark, Massachusetts. Involved in the Knights of Pythias he also

Separate. But Equal? Can our school systems ever be separate while giving students equal opportunities and education? In 1892, Homer Plessy, a man who was African-American sat in a white only train car. When asked to move he refused, deciding to take this to court it eventually arrived in the U.S. Supreme Court, who upheld the “separate but equal” doctrine. In 1954 on the case Brown vs Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public education was a violation