Kidney

Mammalian Kidney Investigation Background Information: The kidneys are dark red bean -shaped organs that are a very important pair of organs that perform many functions. The kidneys have a convex side and a concave side. They are each about the size of a fist. The kidneys are located near the middle back of a human, just below the rib cage, one on each side of the spine. One kidney is located below the spleen on the left side of the body, whereas the other kidney is located just below the liver

reaction) and kidney damage. What is the concern regarding gadolinium-based contrast agents? At this time, only certain patients who receive GBCAs appear to be at an increased risk for developing a serious systemic fibrosing disease, NSF. The patients at risk are those with acute or chronic severe renal (kidney) insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73m2); or renal dysfunction due to the hepato-renal syndrome or in the perioperative liver transplantation period. In the hepato-renal

diagnosing a patient with kidney stones? Some believe the answer is digital tomosynthesis or ultrasound; while others continue to believe multidetector CT (MDCT) is the best way. Kidney stones, or renal calculi, are hard mineral materials formed in the kidney or urinary tract. A kidney stone forms when the person does not drink enough water so as a result an increase of minerals and decrease of urine volume accumulate in the urinary or kidney tract. The most common type of kidney stone contains calcium

Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease Medical advances of the 21st century have led to longer life expectancies and subsequently more challenges for the health care system as the prevalence of many chronic diseases edge higher in an aging population.(Tonelli) The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) continue to increase posing a significant burden on the public health care system.(Coresh) Between 2007 and 2009, the prevalence of kidney disease

Acute kidney injury (AKI, previously referred to as acute renal failure) is a common and serious condition particularly among hospitalized patients with acute illness and those undergoing major surgery.It can be life-threatening but it can also be reversible. Clinically AKI is characterized by abrupt loss of kidney function resulting in a rapid decline in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR),water and electrolytes imbalance, and accumulation of nitrogenous wastes such as blood-urea nitrogen and creatinine

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the pathology of neoplastic growths on nephric tissue that progressively inhibit renal function throughout the patient's senescence. As a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, polycystic kidney disease is subtyped into Autosomal dominant (ADPKD) or autosomal recessive (ARPKD) categories, however, the two are genetically unrelated. Signs & Symptoms Cystic development on both kidneys is a key mark of PKD, size varying from small cellular growths to threatening

Kidneys stones are a solid piece of mass most commonly made up of calcium oxalate and are found in the kidney or ureter. Kidneys stones are formed when there is a high concentration of a crystal forming substance such as, calcium, phosphorus, and sodium, and the urine is unable to dilute it. Also, if the urine lacks the substances which prevent the crystals from sticking together, this creates an ideal environment for the stones to form. One type of a very common kidney stone is, calcium oxalate

Nifedipine can be used to help patients pass kidney stones after shock wave lithotripsy. Nifedipine inhibits smooth muscle contractions in ureter; this allows for the stone to pass.1 There have been numerous studies that compared tamsulosin to nifedipine for kidney stones. One double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial by Vicentini and colleagues compared adjuvant nifedipine, tamsulosin, or placebo after lithotripsy. They found that overall stone expulsion rates were 48.6% for nifedipine

Kidney stones (renal lithiasis) are small hard deposits,made of mineral and acid salts, that form inside your kidneys. Kidney stones form when the urine becomes concentrated, and minerals crystallize and bind together. Usually the chemical balance in urine prevents the crystals from forming. If the crystals stay small , they will pass out of the body through the urine. This is not always the case for everyone,so some people form stones. A common variety of stone contains calcium plus other chemicals

eg spots, fever, coughing, etc) Some symptoms caused by Kidney stones include Severe pain in the side and back and below the rib, nausea and vomiting and effects on the Urine. Pain: One of the symptoms of kidney stones is pain. The pain from kidney stones is caused when the stone tries to push it way through the muscles in the wall of the ureter and into the bladder. The pain is usually felt throughout the sides off the affected Kidney and reaches it way into the back after a short period of time