Lahar

Stratovolcano and Shield volcanos are naturally occurring ruptures in the earth’s crust. They have been a part of our history for nearly 6,000 years and some say that they have been around longer than dinosaurs. While these events are rather cool to watch, they are known to be some of the most devastating natural disasters known to man. Volcanic hazards and eruptions continue to happen throughout the entire world and crisis aversion is something that is becoming more and more important. Mount Saint

Mt. Rainier The first time I saw Mt. Rainier for myself, was last summer when my boyfriend and I drove to Washington. It was the most beautiful, peaceful looking mountain I have ever seen. However, underneath it's great beauty, it hides a deadly secret. Mt. Rainier is one of the most dangerous volcanoes that we have here in the United States. One of the reasons it is so dangerous is because of it's great beauty. People enjoy looking at it, and the area that surrounds it, so they have made their

A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or environment. There is a very big difference that helps prepare for a volcanic hazard and that is whether you are in a MEDC or a LEDC. In a MEDC monitoring volcanic zones and potential hazards is an option many LEDC’s don’t have. In Italy at Mt Etna they have Geochemical monitoring programs currently run by INGV which focus on the analysis of temporal changes, chemical changes and seismic activity. This option open

In 1595, Nevado del Ruiz erupted. The eruption could be heard 62 miles away. It caused lahars, which made it to the valleys of Gualí and Lagunillas rivers. Of course, this killed the fishes and vegetation; more than 600 people died from the lahar. In 1845, a lahar flooded the upper valley of the River Lagunillas. This mudflow flowed down the valley of the Lagunillas River for 40 miles. This time it spilled out of the river

glaciers on the summit, inevitably triggering lahars. Cotopaxi is known for having syn-eruptive lahars. According to Aguilera et al, (2004), “pyroclastic surges and flows that swept over the glacier ice cap are probably the most effective at melting large amounts of snow and ice, which can result in quasi-instantaneous release of large masses of water and volcanic debris” (p. 165). About 4,500 years ago, Cotopaxi experienced the Chillos Valley Lahar, the largest debris flow in the Northern Andes

Volcanoes People shouldn't live near volcanoes because they are very dangerous and could erupt at anytime causing pyroclastic flows, lahars, and landslides. The volcano eruption in Tambora, Indonesia, in 1815, killed around 92,000 people due to these events that happen when a volcano erupts. One reason why people shouldn't live by volcanoes are pyroclastic flows, pyroclastic flows are high speed avalanches of hot ash,rock fragments, and gases. “These pyroclastic flows which can reach 1,500 degrees

There are five strategies that should be established to help mitigate future damage and loss from lahars: 1) public education and community outreach programs, 2) early warning systems to direct and assist evacuations, 3) avoiding or discouraging expansion in lahar-prone areas through land use planning, 4) building engineered protection structures to divert and decelerate potential lahars, and 5) funded response and recovery plans in the event of a disaster. Accomplishing any of the above five strategies

Volcanism in New Zealand New Zealand is located on the plate boundary of the Indo-Australian and Pacific plate. The Pacific plate subducts underneath the Indo-Australian plate as it is denser, which due to internal processes, has resulted in a large amount of volcanism seen mostly in the central North island. The Pacific plate collides with the Indo-Australian plate at a rate of approximately 40-50mm per year (University of Otago, 2016). As it subducts and the oceanic lithosphere reaches a depth

Introduction Simultaneously, Mt Adams is the second highest mountain and the most under looked volcano in Washington State. In terms of volume, Mt. Adams is the second largest volcano (behind Mt. Shasta) in the Cascade Range (Alt & Hyndman 1984). Since it has been relatively quiet for the past couple millennia, it does not receive as much attention as it’s counterparts and draws very few tourists due to it’s remote setting (Hill 2004). Prior to recent research, not much was known regarding Mt. Adam’s

1. The major types of volcanoes are shield volcanoes, scoria cones (cinder cones), and stratovolcanoes (composite). Each of these volcano types is influenced by the volume, the amount of magma, viscosity, a measure magma’s fluid friction, and volatiles or dissolved gases, of the magma that creates them. Shield volcanoes form from the solidification of lava flows of basalt (Abbott 2014). These large volume, low viscosity, low volatiles magma flows travel great distances. As thousands of layers of