Laser applications

Questions 1) Describe the principles underlying the technique of laser speckle flowgraphy that can be used for observing/estimating retinal blood flow. Discuss its relative advantages and disadvantages compared to other techniques. Refer to Sugiyama et al. (2010). Use of laser speckle flowgraphy in ocular blood flow research. ACTA Ophthalmol. 88: 723-729, in your answer. The retina is one of the most metabolically active tissues found within the human body and is a very important structure within

Good morning students and teachers, today I will be talking to you about the technology and physics behind the Compact disc otherwise known as the CD Everybody knows that the CD is slowly fading out and being replaced by a digital world where files and streams are the main methods of music delivery. But the CD is not yet done. What is a CD? A CD is a thin circular disc comprised of metal and plastic, the CD is about 12cm in diameter and is usually made up of 3 layers, it is capable of storing up

filmmakers and leads a new era of holographic media. Dennis coined the word “Holography” and won the Nobel Prize in 1971. At first, the quality hologram systems were very poor, 3D holograms of remarkable quality became possible only after invention of the laser during 1970s. Meanwhile, Professor Victor Komar and his team started the research of holography at the National Cinema and Photo Research Institute (NIKFI) in former Soviet Union in 1974. The major of his goal was: a holographic movie should be seen

screen. However the process is not all that simple. The original CD that has not had any information installed yet has already been equipped with small lines on the CD itself. These lines go along the disc and spiral away from the center, guiding a laser across a very fine area along the CD. A depiction of the spiral is shown in figure 1. Figure 1, spiral away from center of a disc. This thin line if stretched out would measure approximately 8 kilometers. When the CD has had data stored upon

The idea that one day consciousness may spread throughout the universe has been considered seriously by physicists. Sir Martin Rees, the Royal Astronomer of Great Britain, has written, “Wormholes, extra dimensions, and quantum computers open up speculative scenarios that could transform our entire universe eventually into a ‘living cosmos’!” But will the mind one day be freed of its material body to explore the entire universe? This was the theme explored in Isaac Asimov’s classic science-fiction

Simulation and analysis of 10 GBPS optical communication system using different pulses Apurv Anand1, VIkash Kumar2 , Ekta Negi3 Deepak Kumar Ray4 1,2,3 Dept. of EnTC , Bharti VIdyapeeth deemed university , College of Engineering Pune , Maharashtra-411043 , India 4 Assistant Professor , Bharti Vidyapeeth deemed university , College of engineering Pune , Maharashtra-411043 , India ABSTRACT : - In this paper we simulatd an optical

At the transmitter side, our system consist of WDM transmitter for RZ and NRZ modulation, and a CW laser array is used for the radiation of light waves. It is one that emits radiation continuously rather than in short bursts, as in pulsed laser. Externally modulated subsystem consists of Pseudo Random Bit Sequence (PRBS) generator, NRZ Pulse generator, two Mach-Zehnder modulators & a sine carrier for CSRZ modulation. WDM multiplexer multiplexes 8 number of WDM signal channels. The transmission

The Time Traveler Once on a Monday morning, Sizar was walking down the street to meet his cousin so they can go eat. out of nowhere, a weird machine came out of thin air and said,“come with me if you want to live.” The machine yelled. Sizar ran as fast as he can around the machine but right as he past it the whole world started to blow up because of an all out nuclear war that started in America. Sizar was shocked as the mushroom explosion started raging with anger as it destroy everything in

heating so as to clean or the surface of the material.Laser slicing might be utilized to shape many-sided outlines from PMMA sheets. PMMA vaporizes to vaporous mixes (counting its monomers) upon laser cutting, so a well put together is made, and cutting is performed actually. Be that as it may, the beat laser cutting presents high inner anxieties along the cut edge, which on presentation to solvents produce undesirable "anxiety crazing" at the cut edge and a few millimeters profound. Indeed, even ammonium-based

2.1 Fabrication and Modification of T-CUAs with Cellulose Acetate (CA) Membrane and Chitosan-Gold Nanoparticles (CS-GNPs). T-CUAs. Preparation of the T-CUAs follows previously described procedures.[references] Briefly, the fabrication consist of dropcasting polystyrene spheres (PSS) of a diameter of 1.54 µm onto a conductive carbon pyrolized photoresist film (PPF) electrode.[references] In a collaboration with the Stevenson group, we have reported a method for detecting H2O2 using T-CUAs.[reference]