Last Glacial Maximum

The annual trends of glacial length and area of many glaciers in the Andes have fluctuated over time. Masiokas et al. (2009) reviewed glacial fluctuations over the last 1,000 years and found that in the Central Andes, glaciers retreated throughout the twentieth century. They also found that after the little ice age (LIA), most glaciers in Southern Patagonia retreated and that has continued until today. Masiokas et al. (2009) also noticed isolated advances during the first half of the past millennium

of glacial meltwater and various landforms still present today. Glaciers can stick around for thousands of years but when they melt they leave large amounts of water. Glaciation is where a glacier moves forward in any direction. They are named for a geographic area. The last time there had been any glacial advances was 75,000 years ago. The Wadena Lobe came from the north. The Des Moines Lobe came from the northwest. The Rainy and the Superior Lobe came from the northeast. The last glacial maximum

The Wisconsin Glaciation was the last glaciation in Minnesota. The rolling hills of Minnesota are all attributed to the Wisconsin Glaciation. All of the lakes of Minnesota are also he because of the Wisconsin Glaciation. The beginning of the Wisconsin Glaciation started about 75,000 years ago. The glacial maximum happened 14,000 years ago. The glacier was completely melted in Minnesota 11,000 years ago. There were four lobes in the Wisconsin glaciation. The Des Moines lobe extended into southern

THE DRAINING OF GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA AND THE RESULTING GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS RIZZO, Scott Department of Geology, SUNY Cortland,Cortland, NY 13045 In the 1920’s, geologist J. Harlen Bretz challenged the current concept of how various geological formations happened. At the time, geologists believed in uniformitarianism, which meant that geologic change in the past resulted from the same slow, steady processes at work today. But Bretz presented evidence that there was at least one exception to

global sea level is rose up by 8 inches in the last century. Rise in global temperature: The temperature of the earth is increasing. Due to the presence or the gases like carbon dioxide, and other gases the energy are trapped into the atmosphere that causes the temperature of the earth to increase. For the last 19th century the global surface temperature has increased by 2 degree Celsius. The maximum increase in the temperature was seen in the last 35 years. Glacier retreat: Due to the warming of

some scientists believe that the climate may dramatically decrease in the near future, and we could see glaciers return again like we did in the last glacial period. This last glacial period is referred to as “The Ice Age.” It was the most recent glacial period within our current ice age occurring in the

about glaciers so here is some background information. The last glacial advance started about 75,000 years ago and the last

Outwash is small enough to be carried away. A drumlin is an elongated hill with steep sides facing the direction the glacier came from. You can find drumlins in Otter Tail county located in northwestern Minnesota. A moraine is ridges of till that mark glacial movement. As the glacier scrapes along, it tears off rock and soil from both sides of its path. The most common part of Minnesota that has Moraines is located in West central Minnesota. Kettle lakes form from ice. A chunk of ice falls off making an

One of these refugiums, Beringia, in Arctic North America during the glacial maxima, has been subjected to extensive research while many other refugiums have been hypothesized such as a High Canadian Arctic refugiums (Waltari et al. 2005). Furthermore, during the last glacial maximum some coastlines in the High Canadian Arctic were ice free (Waltari et al. 2005). Eurasia was less glaciated than North America during the glacial maxima, yet a large sheet

Younger Dryas. This period of glacial activity occurred around 10,800-10,600 BP and was the last great real push of ice activity in the British Isles starting around loch Lomond and fanning out across Scotland. The ice itself covered a large part of Britain as lowered temperatures of around 2- 6 degrees Celsius allowed the ice to remain, locking in large amounts of sea water and shaping the landscape as it moved across the land, creating U-shape valleys and other glacial features such as drumlins. It