Late Imperial China

concluded that the word “Meiji” means “enlightened rule” and the goal was to combine “modern advances” with “eastern” values. This event restored practical imperial rule to Japan under Emperor Meiji in 1868 (“Meiji Restoration”, 2017). As a result, it led to the tremendous changes in political and social structure of Japan, and spanned both the Late Tokugawa period and the beginning of the Meiji period (“Meiji Restoration”, 2017). The main causes of Meiji Restoration can be analyzed from the following

The White Lotus sect had an appeal to Chinese, most notably to the women and the poor of China, who found peace in worship of the “Eternal Mother” who was to gather all of her children at the millennium into one whole family (Wertz, ibiblio.org). The doctrine of the White Lotus includes a prediction to the arrival of the Buddha (Wertz). The White Lotus Sect was part of a millenarian movement with Buddhist traditions that across periods of times in history ignited enormous uprisings, that were very

Introduction The Xinhai Revolution of 1911 was a watershed moment in Chinese history, changing its foreign relations politically, culturally, and economically. More importantly, it not only ended the imperial system that had been in place for centuries, but also established foundations for the Republic of China. After a series of about 40 uprisings between October 10, 1911 and February 12, 1912 lead by revolutionary leader Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the Revolution of 1911 finally came to an end with the abdication

443126 Jing Wang L03 551 Urban Culture in Modern China Hygienic Modernity and China’s Semicolonialism In China today, slogans on public hygiene are everywhere, restaurants, subways, road sides, to name just a few. Literally, it is one of the priorities of the Chinese government to promote public hygiene and to encourage people to behave civilized in public. Yet here comes the question: why is personal hygiene associated with public in China, and why does it have to do with being civilized? Ruth

Throughout its history, China has gone through transformations that have left their mark; certain central aspects have endured while others have remained the same. Regardless of what changed and what endured, the events that took place from the Qin to the Tang Dynasties shaped the philosophies, religions, governments, and the culture of China. The Qin dynasty was perhaps one of the most revolutionary governments in the ancient world, but not in the modern progressive connotation of that concept.

European Expansion and Chinese Decline in the 1400’s Describing China’s influence as ‘massive’ would be an understatement. For centuries, China had been the world’s superpower, in terms of technological growth, financial security, and military might. By the end of the 1400’s however, that title had been transferred to Europe. A continent once exclusively known for its now fallen Roman Empire suddenly proves to be the primary actor on the global stage. To this very day, historians argue over a deceptively

was not a positive relationship, but other times it was. China in specific had a trade relationship with the Western countries, such as America and Great Britain, which developed into a war known as the Opium War. A relationship with the Western countries at times caused tension in Japan with threats of imperialism when they did not appreciate that Japan was isolated. The threat of imperialism and isolation in Japan went hand and hand, China questioned if they should be isolated or not, and Korea

Chinese “existed in mutuality only, and individuals were defined by their relationships or obligations” (p. 13). Discussing the relationship between the state and the people in terms of citizenship did not appear in China until the late nineteenth century under Western influence. The late Qing intellectuals came to realize from the experiences of the modern West and Meiji Japan that some significant portion of the population had to be brought into the political process. The notion of “citizenry” consequently

And later the discovery of America created the first largest European overseas periphery . In this case, the Spanish Empire managed to manoeuvre its existing advantages to generate greater imperial influence. Imperial empires since then built the economic order in modern imperialism, such as trade triangle. Late comers like Germany struggled to earn their seats in the twentieth century. Regionally a dominant empire could manage the whole area, similarly as the early Qing Dynasty brought surrounding

Expansion In the late 1800’s the United States practiced imperialistic policies like the Europeans by creating the “Open Door” policy in China. In the UCScout reading of McKinley and Roosevelt it stated, “The economic and social environment was perfect for the rise if the International Darwinism movement.” This movement had loyal followers who supported U.S imperialism. Other Americans also wanted the government to spread the American influence in other countries, but they were also concerned that